species

Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859)

Artemis Stick-insect

CollectionObject 1561617; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c: copyright OUMNH. female, dorsal view of Bacillus artemis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561617; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c: copyright OUMNH. female, lateral view of Bacillus artemis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561617; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c: copyright OUMNH. female head, lateral view of Bacillus artemis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561617; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c: copyright OUMNH. female: end of abdomen, dorsal view of Bacillus artemis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561617; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c: copyright OUMNH. female: end of abdomen, lateral view of Bacillus artemis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561617; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c: copyright OUMNH. female: end of abdomen, ventral view of Bacillus artemis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561618; cb180209-7ab4-4723-b868-4ad8c10b8435: copyright OUMNH. Bacillus patellifer female (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561618; cb180209-7ab4-4723-b868-4ad8c10b8435: copyright OUMNH. Bacillus patellifer female: head and thorax, lateral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561618; cb180209-7ab4-4723-b868-4ad8c10b8435: copyright OUMNH. female: end of abdomen of Bacillus patellifer (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561618; cb180209-7ab4-4723-b868-4ad8c10b8435: copyright OUMNH. female: end of abdomen, lateral view of Bacillus patellifer (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561618; cb180209-7ab4-4723-b868-4ad8c10b8435: copyright OUMNH. female: end of abdomen, ventral view of Bacillus patellifer (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female, dorsal view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female, lateral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female, ventral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female: head, lateral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female: thorax, dorsal view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female: head and thorax, lateral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female: end of abdomen, dorsal view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female: end of abdomen, lateral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female: end of abdomen, ventral view (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female, fore femur (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561672; NTUC 740, ef545296-ecab-4cdd-9e44-941d03968d60: copyright NTUC. female, data labels (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561738; 9e602ad7-6c69-4682-8f3e-93019de6387c: copyright MNHN, Paris, Pantel coll. female of synonym Clitumnus porrectus (lectotype / paralectotype). (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (51)

Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859: 10, pl. 26:9.
Holotype; female; bca6f1df-f224-484e-9816-40e80770a32c; deposited at: Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUM); India: Assam
Bacillus patellifer Bates, 1865: 328.
Holotype; female; cb180209-7ab4-4723-b868-4ad8c10b8435; deposited at: Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUM); India: Darjeeling
... Show all ... (47)

Bacillus (Baculum) artemis Westwood, 1859 in Wood-Mason, 1873: 51, pl. 6:1-2.
Bacillus patellifer Bates, 1865 in Thomson, 1882: 718, pl. 52.
Bacillus patellifer Bates, 1865 (subjective synonym of Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859) in Kirby, 1904: 329.
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Kirby, 1904: 329.
Clitumnus porrectus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 196.
Lectotype; female; 9e602ad7-6c69-4682-8f3e-93019de6387c; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); India: Kurseong
Clitumnus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 195.
Clitumnus porrectus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Giglio-Tos, 1914: 420. Image or description
Clitumnus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Giglio-Tos, 1914: 420. Specimen or distribution
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Cappe de Baillon, 1928: 378.
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Cappe de Baillon, 1931: 140. Structure
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Cappe de Baillon, Favrelle & Vichêt, 1934: 109. Structure
Baculum granulatus Shiraki, 1935: 27, pl. 4:3-4.
Holotype; female; NTUC 740; deposited at: National Taiwan University (NTUC); Taiwan: Gojyo
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Sellick, 1980: 153, fig. 90. Phylogeny or classification
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Hausleithner, 1986: 124.
Baculum granulatus Shiraki, 1935 in Cai, 1987: 27. Specimen or distribution
Baculum porrectus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Chen & He, 1992: 48, Fig. 136.
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Schulten, 1995: 75, fig..
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Sellick, 1998: 225. Phylogeny or classification
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Lipinski, Greven, Schulten & Löser, 1999: 72, figs..
Baculum artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Seiler, Bradler & Koch, 2000: 50, figs.
Baculum granulatum Shiraki, 1935 in Bi, Zhang & Lau, 2001: 254.
Baculum granulatus Shiraki, 1935 in Huang, 2002: 118. Image or description
Clitumnus porrectus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 305.
Clitumnus porrectus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Brock & Delfosse, 2005: 54.
Bacillus patellifer Bates, 1865 (subjective synonym of Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 300.
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 300.
Ramulus granulatus (Shiraki, 1935) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 302.
Baculum granulatum Shiraki, 1935 in Xu, 2005: 76. Specimen or distribution
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Mujagic, Krause & Duerr, 2007: 313.
Bacillus patellifer Bates, 1865 (subjective synonym of Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 27.
Clitumnus porrectus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 (subjective synonym of Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 27.
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 27.
Ramulus granulatus (Shiraki, 1935) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 42.
Baculum porrectum (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Chen & He, 2008: 280, fig. 244.
Baculum granulatum Shiraki, 1935 in Chen & He, 2008: 294, fig. 260.
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Mandal & Yadav, 2010: 27. Image or description
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Harman, 2012: 15. Specimen or distribution
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Shelomi, Lo, Kimsey & Kuo, 2013: 1. Structure
Ramulus granulatum (Shiraki, 1935) in Ho, 2013: 158. Phylogeny or classification
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Shelomi, Jasper, Atallah, Kimsey & Johnson, 2014: 2. Structure
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Shelomi, Heckel & Pauchet, 2016: 7. Physiology
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Shelomi, Danchin, Heckel, Wipfler, Bradler, Zhou & Pauchet, 2016: 1.
Clitumnus porrectus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 (subjective synonym of Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859) in Delfosse, Cliquennois, Depraetere & Robillard, 2019: 221. Specimen or distribution
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Strauss, Moritz & Rühr, 2021: 3. Structure
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Singh, Chandra & Gupta, 2021: 229. Specimen or distribution
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 419, 550. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
Ramulus granulatus (Shiraki, 1935) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 551. Specimen or distribution

Baculum granulatus Shiraki, 1935 (subjective synonym of Bacillus artemis Westwood, 1859) in Wang, Jeng, Tsai & Wu, 2025: 5-7. Phylogeny or classification
Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859) in Wang, Jeng, Tsai & Wu, 2025: 2, 5-7. Phylogeny or classification

Nomenclature references (39)

Bates, H.W. (1865) Descriptions of fifty-two new species of Phasmidae from the collection of Mr W. Wilson Saunders, with remarks on the family. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 25(2), 321–359, pls. 44–46. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87719#page/366/mode/1up
Bi, D.-ying, Zhang, W.-N. & Lau, C.S.K. (2001) Study on the Walking Stick Insects (Phasmatodea) and the genus Sipyloidea from Hong Kong District of China. Entomotaxonomia, 23(4), 253–258. Available at http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/upload/zhuanti/2017%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%A0%87%E6%9C%AC/%E5%85%A8%E5%B9%B4%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%A0%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE/12001323.pdf
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Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brock, P.D. & Delfosse, E. (2005) A list of Pantel's phasmid type material in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Phasmida). Revue Française d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Série), 27(2), 49–56. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/318129695_A_list_of_Pantel%27s_Phasmid_type_material_in_the_Museum_National_d%27Histoire_Naturelle_Paris_Phasmida

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini

Cai, B.L. (1987) A list of Chinese Phasmids with the key to subfamilies. Contributions from Tianjin Natural Museum, 4, 26–30.

Cappe de Baillon, P. (1928) Embryogénie tératologique chez e Phasmides (Menexenus semiarmatus Westw. et Clitumnus artemis Br.). Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 62, 378–387.

Cappe de Baillon, P. (1931) Recherches sur la Tératologie des Insects II. La descendance des monstres de Phasmides. In Encyclopédie Entomologique. Série A, XIV. Paul Lechevalier & Fils, Paris. pp. 1–301, pls 7.

Cappe de Baillon, P., Favrelle, M. & Vichêt, G.de (1934) Parthenogenese et variation chez les Phasmes I. - Baculum artemis Westw., Carausius theiseni n. sp. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 68, 109–166, pl. 10.

Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (1992) Phasmida. In J. Peng & Y. Lui (Eds.). Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China. Academia Sinica & Huan Forest Institute, Hunan, China. pp. 42–49.

Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (2008) Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.nhbs.com/phasmatodea-of-china-chinese-book

Delfosse, E., Cliquennois, N., Depraetere, M. & Robillard, T. (2019) Catalogue des types de la collection de phasmes du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de Paris (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Zoosystema, 41(11), 181–235. Available at http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/zoosystema/41/11

Giglio-Tos, E. (1914) Results of the Abor Expedition 1911/12. Part V. XXXI. Orthoptera, III: Mantidae et Phasmidae. Records of the Indian Museum, 8, 415–423. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41753#page/557/mode/1up

Harman, A.J.E. (2012) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Three. PSG No. 101 - PSG No. 150. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 128, 13–15.

Hausleithner, B. (1986) Die Eier einiger Baculum-Arten (Phasmida). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 96(9), 122–128.

Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Zhang, W. (2008) Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea. Zootaxa, 1735, 1–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468541_Catalogue_of_the_Stick_and_Leaf-insects_Phasmatodea_of_China_with_a_faunistic_analysis_review_of_recent_ecological_and_biological_studies_and_bibliography_Insecta_Orthoptera_Phasmatodea

Ho, G.W.-C. (2013) Stick Insects of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Entomological Society, 184 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/323239615_Insect_Fauna_of_Hong_Kong_Fascicle_2_The_Stick_Insects_of_Hong_Kong

Huang, Y.S.-F. (2002) Phasmids in Taiwan. Bigtree Culture Enterprise Co. – Ltd, Taiwan, 142 pp. [in Chinese]

Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661

Lipinski, K., Greven, H., Schulten, D. & Löser, S. (1999) In Die Struktur der Eihüllen von 48 Phasmatodea-Arten aus der Sammlung des Löbbecke Museum und Aquazoo Düsseldorf. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Löbbecke-Museum und Aquazoo. 1–125 pp. [in German] Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Entomologie-heute_BH_5_0001-0125.pdf

Mandal, S.K. & Yadav, K. (2010) Some phasmida (stick and leaf insects) of India. RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER, 318, 1–64. Available at http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/occpapers/318/index.pdf

Mujagic, S., Krause, A.F. & Duerr, V. (2007) Slanted joint axes of the stick insect antenna: an adaptation to tactile acuity. Die Naturwissenschaften, 94(4), 313–318. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6618895_Slanted_joint_axes_of_the_stick_insect_antenna_An_adaptation_to_tactile_acuity

Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file

Schulten, D. (1995) In Wandelnde Blätter, Stab- und Gespenstschrecken. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Löbbecke-Museum and Aquazoo. Vol. 3, 1–132 pp. [in German] Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Entomologie-heute_BH_3_0001-0132.pdf

Seiler, C., Bradler, S. & Koch, R. (2000) In Phasmiden Pflege und Zucht von Gespenstschrecken, Stabschrecken und Wandelnden Blattern im Terrarium. bede-Verlag GmbH, Ruhmannsfelden. 144 pp. [in German]

Sellick, J.T.C. (1980) A study of the eggs of the insect order Phasmida with particular reference to establishing the taxonomic value of egg structure in this group. UNPUBLISHED. PhD thesis. University of London. Available at http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281183

Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x

Shelomi, M., Danchin, E.G.J., Heckel, D.G., Wipfler, B., Bradler, S., Zhou, X. & Pauchet, Y. (2016) Horizontal Gene Transfer of Pectinases from Bacteria Preceded the Diversification of Stick and Leaf Insects. Scientific Reports, 6(26388), 1–9. Available at http://https://www.nature.com/articles/srep26388

Shelomi, M., Heckel, D.G. & Pauchet, Y. (2016) Ancestral gene duplication enabled the evolution of multifunctional cellulases in stick insects (Phasmatodea). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 71, 1–11. Available at http://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ancestral-gene-duplication-enabled-the-evolution-of-Shelomi-Heckel/e785df90b070af4f7d02791e4610717b12ab2154

Shelomi, M., Jasper, W.C., Atallah, J., Kimsey, L.S. & Johnson, B.R. (2014) Differential expression of endogenous plant cell wall degrading enzyme genes in the stick insect (Phasmatodea) midgut. BMC Genomics, 15(917), 1–18. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/267274292_Differential_expression_of_endogenous_plant_cell_wall_degrading_enzyme_genes_in_the_stick_insect_Phasmatodea_midgut

Shelomi, M., Lo, W.-S., Kimsey, L.S. & Kuo, C.-H. (2013) Analysis of the gut microbiota of walking sticks (Phasmatodea). BMC Research Notes, 6(368), 1–10. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856447/

Shiraki, T. (1935) Orthoptera of the Japanese Empire (Part IV) Phasmidae. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku lmperial University, Formosa, 14(3), 23–88, pl. 4–10. Available at http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.26267/page/n45/mode/2up

Singh, L.R.K., Chandra, K. & Gupta, D. (2021) Insecta: Phasmida. In K. Chandra, L. Kosygin, C. Raghunathan, & D. Gupta (Eds.). Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zones of India: North-East. Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata. pp. 227–230.

Strauss, J., Moritz, L. & Rühr, P.T. (2021) The Subgenual Organ Complex in Stick Insects: Functional Morphology and Mechanical Coupling of a Complex Mechanosensory Organ. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9(632493), 1–17. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/349524614_The_Subgenual_Organ_Complex_in_Stick_Insects_Functional_Morphology_and_Mechanical_Coupling_of_a_Complex_Mechanosensory_Organ

Thomson, A. (1882) Notes on a species of stick insect reared in the Insect-House in the Society's Gardens. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 68, 718–719, pl. 52.

Wang, B.-C., Jeng, M.-L., Tsai, J.-F. & Wu, L.-W. (2025) Genome skimming for improved phylogenetics of Taiwanese phasmids (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 205(108292), 1–11. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790325000090

Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp, 48 pl. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofortho00brituoft

Wood-Mason, J. (1873) On new or little known species of Phasmidae. Part I. -Genus Bacillus. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bengal, 42(2), 45–56, pl. 5–7. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110099#page/62/mode/1up
Xu, J. (2005) A catalogue of stick insects from Hong Kong, Aomen and Taiwan, China. In Classification and Diversity of Insects in China. China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing. pp. 74–77.

Descendants and synonyms

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	Names
Rank	Total	Valid	Invalid
species	13	1	12