Phraortes Stål, 1875

Type

Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815 type species by original monotypy of Phraortes Stål, 1875

Nomenclature (31)

Phraortes Stål, 1875: 8, 64. (valid)
type species by original monotypy Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904: 40.
... Show all ... (27)

Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904: 319.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 262.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Shiraki, 1911: 297.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Shiraki, 1935: 59.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 181.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1979: 327. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Chen & He, 1992: 49.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Bacillus (Baculum) Saussure, 1861) in Kwon, Ha & Lee, 1992: 46.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Okada, 1993: 39. Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Okada, 1995: 5. Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1997: 121. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification; Key
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Okada, 1999: 30, figs.. Image or description
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Bragg, 2001: 641, 647.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2004: 319.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 270.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 76.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 22.
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Chen & He, 2008: 71 [English key p. 382].
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Xu, 2008: 19. Specimen or distribution
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Suzuki, 2010: 7, fig.. Image or description
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Kômoto, Yukuhiro, Ueda & Tomita, 2011: 45, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Ichikawa, 2013: 18. Key
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Ho, 2013: 46. Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Saito, 2015: 1. Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Ichikawa, 2016: 194-195. Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Ho, 2016: 332. Phylogeny or classification
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Song, Li & Na, 2020: 2.

Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 528. Specimen or distribution
Phraortes Stål, 1875 in Wang, Jeng, Tsai & Wu, 2025: 4. Phylogeny or classification

Nomenclature references (31)

Bradley, J.C. & Galil, B.S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 79(2), 176–208. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16301624#page/194/mode/1up
Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/
... Show all ... (27)

Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini

Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (1992) Phasmida. In J. Peng & Y. Lui (Eds.). Iconography of forest insects in Hunan China. Academia Sinica & Huan Forest Institute, Hunan, China. pp. 42–49.

Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (2008) Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.nhbs.com/phasmatodea-of-china-chinese-book

Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2008) Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906, 1–316. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frank_Hennemann

Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Zhang, W. (2008) Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea. Zootaxa, 1735, 1–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468541_Catalogue_of_the_Stick_and_Leaf-insects_Phasmatodea_of_China_with_a_faunistic_analysis_review_of_recent_ecological_and_biological_studies_and_bibliography_Insecta_Orthoptera_Phasmatodea

Ho, G.W.-C. (2013) Stick Insects of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Entomological Society, 184 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/323239615_Insect_Fauna_of_Hong_Kong_Fascicle_2_The_Stick_Insects_of_Hong_Kong

Ho, G.W.-C. (2016) A new species of genus Phraortes Stål and the first description of female P. corniformis Chen & He from China (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae). Zoological Systematics, 41(3), 332–336. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/323242898_A_new_species_of_genus_Phraortes_Stal_and_the_first_description_of_female_P_corniformis_Chen_He_from_China_Phasmatodea_Phasmatidae

Ichikawa, A. (2013) Taxonomic reports on the PHASMATODEA in Japan (1) pp. 2-11, (2) pp. 12-13, (3) pp. 14-15. [Phasmida of Japan, Entoria, Phraortes] in Japanese. Battarigisu, 151, 1–23.

Ichikawa, A. (2016) Phasmatodea. In The standard of Polyneoptera in Japan. Gakken Plus. pp. 176–196. Available at http://kawamo.co.jp/roppon-ashi/sub677.htm

Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661

Kwon, Y.J., Ha, J.S. & Lee, C.-E. (1992) Classification of the order Phasmida from Korea. Nature and Life, 22(2), 43–58.

Kômoto, N., Yukuhiro, K., Ueda, K. & Tomita, S. (2011) Exploring the molecular phylogeny of phasmids with whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58(1), 43–52. Available at http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21029786/

Okada, M. (1993) On one group of the genus Phraortes from the Nansei Islands. Kakocho, 45, 39–42.

Okada, M. (1995) On Phraortes sp. from Okinawa-honto Island. Kakocho, 47, 5–7.

Okada, M. (1999) In Nanafushi-No-Subete (All About Japanese Stick-Insects). Tonbo-Shuppan Publishing, Osaka. 1–56 pp. [in Japanese]

Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file

Rehn, J.A.G. (1904) Studies in the Orthopterous family Phasmidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 56, 38–107. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/48/mode/1up

Saito, T. (2015) Two new species of Phraortes from the Ryukyus, Japan (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae). Journal of Entomological Science, 1–6. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ens.12127

Sellick, J.T.C. (1979) A key to the eggs of stick and leaf insects (Phasmida). Systematic Entomology, 4, 325–331. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1979.tb00617.x

Sellick, J.T.C. (1997) Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology, 22, 97–122. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1997.d01-30.x

Shiraki, T. (1911) Phasmiden und Mantiden Japans. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 7, 291–331, pl. 12. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155123#page/321/mode/1up

Shiraki, T. (1935) Orthoptera of the Japanese Empire (Part IV) Phasmidae. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku lmperial University, Formosa, 14(3), 23–88, pl. 4–10. Available at http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.26267/page/n45/mode/2up

Song, N., Li, X. & Na, R. (2020) Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations. PLOS One, 15(10 e0240186), 1–16. Available at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240186

Stål, C. (1875) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthoptères décrits par Linné, DeGeer et Thunberg. 3. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32, 1–105. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924018284798

Suzuki, S. (2010) Japanese Stick Insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 123-124, 4–8.

Wang, B.-C., Jeng, M.-L., Tsai, J.-F. & Wu, L.-W. (2025) Genome skimming for improved phylogenetics of Taiwanese phasmids (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 205(108292), 1–11. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790325000090

Xu, F.L. (2008) A taxonomic study on Phasmatodea in Guizhou [UNPUBLISHED]. Ghizhou University, Guiyang, China, 70 pp. PhD thesis. [in Chinese]
Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, Germany, 327 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313233330_Revision_of_the_genera_of_the_Areolatae_including_the_status_of_Timema_and_Agathemera_Insecta_Phasmatodea

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
genus	1	0	0	1
species	41	0	35	76