species
Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815)
Japanese Stick-insect
Nomenclature (62)
- Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815: 299.
Holotype; female; 1449e076-aaeb-41a8-87bd-40fe59aa8a6f; deposited at: Uppsala University (UZIU); Unknown [probably Japan]
- Phasma (Bacteria) niponense Haan, 1842: 134.
Syntype; male; 6d5d2f2a-40ed-4377-86eb-5895bc119919; deposited at: Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NBC); Japan: Decima. Syntypes (n= 3); female; e5248bb2-8971-4e0a-840d-4f3313cfa274; deposited at: Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NBC); Japan: Decima. Syntypes (n= 2); immature; 557194b5-70f5-40ef-ace8-15df66bf3f07; deposited at: Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NBC); Japan: Decima
- ... Show all ... (58)
- Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815 in Westwood, 1859: 183.
- Lonchodes niponensis (de Haan, 1842) in Westwood, 1859: 46.
- Phasma (Bacteria) niponense Haan, 1842 (subjective synonym of Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815) in Stål, 1875: 64.
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Stål, 1875: 64.
- Phasma (Bacteria) niponense Haan, 1842 (subjective synonym of Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815) in Kirby, 1904: 319.
- Phraortes elongata (Thunberg, 1815) in Kirby, 1904: 319.
- Lonchodes illepidus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 258.
Holotype; male; NMW 486; deposited at: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Japan: Nagasaki
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 262.
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Shiraki, 1911: 291, 297.
- Staelonchodes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Matsumura & Hirayama, 1932: fig.
- Phraortes (Lonchodes) elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Matsumura & Hirayama, 1932: fig. Image or description
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935: 66, pl. 8:2-6.
Syntypes (n= 2); male; 3f50e254-143d-4766-9129-d17527d529f9; deposited at: National Taiwan University (NTUC); Japan: Kumamoto. Syntypes (n= 2); female; d1a25834-ed14-4f2d-823a-50033c5d1182; deposited at: National Taiwan University (NTUC); Japan: Kumamoto. Syntype; female; 55ea091c-3f06-49c4-b0ec-a6c9ddbb5500; deposited at: National Taiwan University (NTUC); Japan: Fukuoka
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 (subjective synonym of Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815)
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Shiraki, 1935: 61. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Shiraki, 1935: 59, 61.
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Yasumatsu, 1942: 9, fig. 10.
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Yasumatsu, 1946: 1. Life history
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Shiraki, 1952: 5. Specimen or distribution
- Staelonchodes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Shiraki, 1952: 5. Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Yasumatsu, 1965: 55, pl. 28:1. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Kwon & Kim, 1978: 105, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Kwon & Kim, 1978: 107. Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Kwon & Kim, 1978: 107. Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Sellick, 1980: 47, fig. 16. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 (subjective synonym of Lonchodes illepidus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Kwon, Ha & Lee, 1992: 46. Phylogeny or classification
- Baculum elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Kwon, Ha & Lee, 1992: 47.
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Kwon, Ha & Lee, 1992: 46. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Sellick, 1998: 216. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Brock, 1998: 33. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Brock, 1999: 86.
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Okada, 1999: 22. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Bragg, 2001: 647.
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Huang, 2002: 90. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Okada, 2002: 233. Image or description
- Baculum elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Park, Kwon, Kim, Kim & Park, 2003: 62. Behavior
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 271.
- Lonchodes illepidus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Xu, 2005: 75. Specimen or distribution
- Phasma (Bacteria) niponense Haan, 1842 (subjective synonym of Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 271.
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 271.
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 271. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Xu, 2005: 75. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Xu, 2006: 61. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Lonchodes illepidus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Chen & He, 2008: 99.
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 23. Phylogeny or classification; Life history
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Kômoto, Yukuhiro, Ueda & Tomita, 2011: 45. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Hong, Jeon, Yoon, Kim, Lee, Kim, Park, Kim, Kim & Kim, 2012: 255. Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Ichikawa, 2013: 7, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Ichikawa, 2013: 2, fig. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Ichikawa, 2013: 2. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki, 1935 in Ichikawa, 2016: 194. Phylogeny or classification
- Lonchodes illepidus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 (subjective synonym of Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815) in Ichikawa, 2016: 192. Phylogeny or classification
- Phasma (Bacteria) niponense Haan, 1842 (subjective synonym of Phasma elongata Thunberg, 1815) in Ichikawa, 2016: 192. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Ichikawa, 2016: 192. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Suetsugu & Tomonari, 2020: 158. Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes illepidus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Song, Li & Na, 2020: 8. Phylogeny or classification
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Nozaki, Suetsugu, Sato, Sato, Takagi, Funaki, Ito, Kurita, Isagi & Kaneko, 2021: 1-5. Behavior; Image or description
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 394, 528, fig. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Katsube, Hisasue, Nishiya, Hashizume & Mita, 2022: 959. Behavior
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Katsube, Hisasue & Mita, 2022: 963. Specimen or distribution
- Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg, 1815) in Wang, Jeng, Tsai & Wu, 2025: 2, 4-7. Phylogeny or classification
Nomenclature references (40)
- Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- ... Show all ... (36)
- Brock, P.D. (1998) Catalogue of type-specimens of Stick- and Leaf-Insects in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Insecta: Phasmida). Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien: Vol. 13(5). Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, 72 pp. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/kat-nhmw_13_0003-0072.pdf
- Brock, P.D. (1999) In The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, Orpington. Vol. 26, 1–165; 40 pp color plates. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/the-amazing-world-of-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
- Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini
- Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (2008) Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.nhbs.com/phasmatodea-of-china-chinese-book
- de Haan, W. (1842) Bijdragen to de kennis der Orthoptera. In Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen. In commissie bij S. en J. Luchtmans, en C.C. van der Hoek, Leiden. Vol. 3, pp. 95–138. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/577/mode/1up
- Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Zhang, W. (2008) Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea. Zootaxa, 1735, 1–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468541_Catalogue_of_the_Stick_and_Leaf-insects_Phasmatodea_of_China_with_a_faunistic_analysis_review_of_recent_ecological_and_biological_studies_and_bibliography_Insecta_Orthoptera_Phasmatodea
- Hong, E.-J., Jeon, Y.-L., Yoon, J.-C., Kim, J.-Y., Lee, M.-H., Kim, J.-W., Park, S.-J., Kim, K.-G., Kim, J.-H. & Kim, B.-J. (2012) Insect Diversity of Mt. Oseosan. 5(3), 251–266. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/271267989_Insect_Diversity_of_Mt_Oseosan
- Huang, Y.S.-F. (2002) Phasmids in Taiwan. Bigtree Culture Enterprise Co. – Ltd, Taiwan, 142 pp. [in Chinese]
- Ichikawa, A. (2013) Taxonomic reports on the PHASMATODEA in Japan (1) pp. 2-11, (2) pp. 12-13, (3) pp. 14-15. [Phasmida of Japan, Entoria, Phraortes] in Japanese. Battarigisu, 151, 1–23.
- Ichikawa, A. (2016) Phasmatodea. In The standard of Polyneoptera in Japan. Gakken Plus. pp. 176–196. Available at http://kawamo.co.jp/roppon-ashi/sub677.htm
- Katsube, N., Hisasue, Y. & Mita, T. (2022) Stick insects at the Ito Campus of Kyushu University (Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan). Pulex, 101, 962–963. [in Japanese] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natsumi-Katsube
- Katsube, N., Hisasue, Y., Nishiya, K., Hashizume, T. & Mita, T. (2022) Phasmid eggs found in nests of Aphaenogaster japonica Forel, 1911 and Pheidole fervida Smith, 1874. Pulex, 101, 959–962. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/366848919_yamatoashinagaarijibiazumaoozuarinochaokarafajiansaretananafushiluan_Phasmid_eggs_found_in_nests_of_Aphaenogaster_japonica_Forel_1911_and_Pheidole_fervida_Smith_1874
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661
- Kwon, Y.J. & Kim, J.K. (1978) New distribution of Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki in Korea with faunistic notes on the known stick insects (Phasmida). Nature and Life, 8(2), 105–108.
- Kwon, Y.J., Ha, J.S. & Lee, C.-E. (1992) Classification of the order Phasmida from Korea. Nature and Life, 22(2), 43–58.
- Kômoto, N., Yukuhiro, K., Ueda, K. & Tomita, S. (2011) Exploring the molecular phylogeny of phasmids with whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58(1), 43–52. Available at http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21029786/
- Matsumura, S. & Hirayama, S. (1932) In Illustrated 6000 insects of Nippon [6000 illustrated insects of Japan-Empire]. Toko Shoin, Tokyo. 1–262, pls 1–104. [1931]
- Nozaki, T., Suetsugu, K., Sato, K., Sato, R., Takagi, T., Funaki, S., Ito, K., Kurita, K., Isagi, Y. & Kaneko, S. (2021) Development of microsatellite markers for the geographically parthenogenetic stick insect Phraortes elongatus (Insecta: Phasmatodea). 96(4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.21-00022
- Okada, M. (1999) In Nanafushi-No-Subete (All About Japanese Stick-Insects). Tonbo-Shuppan Publishing, Osaka. 1–56 pp. [in Japanese]
- Okada, M. (2002) On some Japanese insects. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society, 60, 233–237. [2001] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/179099#page/307/mode/1up
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Park, Y.-S., Kwon, T.-S., Kim, J.K., Kim, C.S. & Park, J.D. (2003) Effect of temperatures on the development of the stick insect, Baculum elongatus (Phasmida: Phamida) and the life cycle. Jour. Korean For. Soc., 92(1), 62–70.
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1980) A study of the eggs of the insect order Phasmida with particular reference to establishing the taxonomic value of egg structure in this group. UNPUBLISHED. PhD thesis. University of London. Available at http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281183
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x
- Shiraki, T. (1911) Phasmiden und Mantiden Japans. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 7, 291–331, pl. 12. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/155123#page/321/mode/1up
- Shiraki, T. (1935) Orthoptera of the Japanese Empire (Part IV) Phasmidae. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku lmperial University, Formosa, 14(3), 23–88, pl. 4–10. Available at http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.26267/page/n45/mode/2up
- Shiraki, T. (1952) Phasmidae. In Catalogue of injurious insects in Japan (exclusive of animal parasites). General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Tokyo. Vol. 2, 5 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/234384#page/63/mode/1up
- Song, N., Li, X. & Na, R. (2020) Mitochondrial genomes of stick insects (Phasmatodea) and phylogenetic considerations. PLOS One, 15(10 e0240186), 1–16. Available at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240186
- Stål, C. (1875) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthoptères décrits par Linné, DeGeer et Thunberg. 3. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32, 1–105. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924018284798
- Suetsugu, K. & Tomonari, N. (2020) Promiscuity among stick insects. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 18(3), 158. Available at http://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fee.2185
- Thunberg, C.P. (1815) Hemipterorum maxillosorum genera illustrata plurimisque novis speciebus ditata ac descripta. Mémoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg, 5, 211–301, pl. 3. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44403#page/257/mode/1up
- Wang, B.-C., Jeng, M.-L., Tsai, J.-F. & Wu, L.-W. (2025) Genome skimming for improved phylogenetics of Taiwanese phasmids (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 205(108292), 1–11. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790325000090
- Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp, 48 pl. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofortho00brituoft
- Xu, J. (2005) A catalogue of stick insects from Hong Kong, Aomen and Taiwan, China. In Classification and Diversity of Insects in China. China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing. pp. 74–77.
- Xu, J. (2006) A Taxonomic Study on the Adults and Eggs in Four Genera of Heteronemiidae in China (Order: Phasmatodea) [INPUBLISHED]. 70 pp. PhD thesis. [in Chinese]
- Yasumatsu, K. (1942) Eggs of Stick Insects. Bulletin of Takarazuka Insectarium, 18, 1–19. [in Japanese]
- Yasumatsu, K. (1946) Some analyses on the growth of insects, with special reference to a phasmid, Phraortes kumamotoensis Shiraki (Orthoptera). Journal of the Department of Agriculture Kyusyu Imperial University, 8(1), 1–579.
- Yasumatsu, K. (1965) In Iconographa Insectorum Japonicorum Colore Naturali edita Vol. 3. Hokuryukan, Tokyo.
Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Taxon | Valid names | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Extant | Fossil | Invalid | Total | |
| species | 1 | 0 | 10 | 11 | |