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Phasmida Species File
Species

Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907

Laboratory Stick-insect; Indian Stick-insect
Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: copyright Paul Brock. female, South Africa: Constantia Nek, Western Cape Province, 13.ix.1998. (Otu).
Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: copyright Paul Brock. female, South Africa: Constantia Nek, Western Cape Province, 13.ix.1998. (Otu).
Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: copyright Paul Brock. St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, September 2013. (Otu).
CollectionObject 1557718; d493d077-105a-413b-b0fe-970d9f7be5ee: copyright MNHN, Paris. female (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1557719; c43a70c9-8b86-4ebc-9533-98b8a25d5a2a: copyright MNHN, Paris. female (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1557718; d493d077-105a-413b-b0fe-970d9f7be5ee: copyright MNHN, Paris. female, data labels (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1557719; c43a70c9-8b86-4ebc-9533-98b8a25d5a2a: copyright MNHN, Paris. female, data labels (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1595956; b80e3ed5-5487-4b4d-8f6c-10dfed95b78c: copyright MNHN, Paris. male (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1595956; b80e3ed5-5487-4b4d-8f6c-10dfed95b78c: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, lateral view (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1595956; b80e3ed5-5487-4b4d-8f6c-10dfed95b78c: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, type data (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1595957; c5b8d3dd-78a3-4c2e-97af-2cdd738980b3: copyright MNHN, Paris. female (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1595957; c5b8d3dd-78a3-4c2e-97af-2cdd738980b3: copyright MNHN, Paris. female, lateral view (syntype). (CollectionObject).
CollectionObject 1595957; c5b8d3dd-78a3-4c2e-97af-2cdd738980b3: copyright MNHN, Paris. female, data labels (syntype). (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (224)

  • Dixippus morosus (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) in Schmitz, 1906: 385-407.
  • Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 268.

    Syntype; male; d493d077-105a-413b-b0fe-970d9f7be5ee; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); India: Shembagonur. Syntype; female; c43a70c9-8b86-4ebc-9533-98b8a25d5a2a; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); India: Shembagonur. Syntype; male; b80e3ed5-5487-4b4d-8f6c-10dfed95b78c; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); India: Mission Maduré. Syntypes (n= 2); female; c5b8d3dd-78a3-4c2e-97af-2cdd738980b3; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); India. Syntype; female; a9fe88bf-d48d-4388-88b4-6bcfebbcff05; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); India: Kod[ikanel]

  • Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Moate, 2026: 36-45. Image or description; Behavior; Structure
  • Carausius morosus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 in Paul, 2026: 105, 109, 112. Life zone and ecology data; Image or description; Key; Phylogeny or classification; Specimen or distribution

Nomenclature references (224)

  • Schmitz, H. (1906) Dixippus morosus, eine tropische Gespensterheuschrecke. Natur u. Offenb. Munster, 52.
  • Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini
  • Baume, L. (1908) Beobachtungen an lebenden Phasmiden in der Gefangenschaft. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 4, 52–57. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Zeitschrift-wiss-Insektenbiologie_4_0052-0057.pdf
  • Fellmann, C. (1908) Etwas über dir Zucht von Dixippus morosus (Indische Stabheuschrecke). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1, 360. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114081#page/382/mode/1up
  • Pantel, J. & Sinéty, R.de (1908) Sur l'apparition de mâles et d'hermaphrodites dans les pontes parthénogénétiques des Phasmes. Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des sciences, 147, 1–3.
  • Meissner, O. (1909) Biologische Beobachtungen an der indischen Stabheuschrecke, Dixippus morosus Br. (Phasm.; Orth.). Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 5, 87–95.
  • Wanach, B. (1910) Einige Notizen über Orthopteren und Phasmiden. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 55, 127–132. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Berliner-Ent-Zeitschrift_55_0127-0132.pdf
  • Schmidt, P. (1913) Katalepsie der Phasmiden. Biologisches Zentralblatt, 33(193-207). Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Biologisches-Centralblatt_33_0193-0207.pdf
  • Schmit-Jensen, H.O. (1914) Homoetic regeneration of the antennae in a phasmid or walking-stick. Annual Report Smithsonian Institute, Washington, 523–536, figs.
  • Meissner, O. (1916) Ein beinloses Exemplar von Dixippus morosus Br. Entomologische Zeitschrift (Frankfurt), 30, 37–38. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Entomologische-Zeitschrift_30_0037-0038.pdf
  • Roth (1917) XIX. Observations on the Growth and Habits of the Stick Insect, Carausius morosus, Br.; intended as a contribution towards a knowledge of variation in an organism which reproduces itself by the parthenogenetic method. Transactions of the Entomological Society, London, 1916, 345–395. [1916]
  • Pantel, J. (1918) Notes additionneles sur les Carausius d'Inde. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 86, 575–576. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36392#page/599/mode/1up
  • Chopard, L. (1920) PhD thesis. Thèses Unicv. Paris, Rennes. In Recherches sur la conformation det le développement des derniers segments abdominaux chez le Orthoptères. 1–352 pp. [in French] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/50305#/summary
  • Talbot, G. (1920) A contribution to our knowledge of the Life-history of the Stick Insect, Carausius morosus Br. Transactions of the Entomological Society, London, July, 285–304.
  • Przibram, H.L. & Brecher, L. (1922) Die Farbmodifikationen der Stabheuschrecke Dixippus morosus Br. et Redt. Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen, 50(1/2), 147–185.
  • Nachtsheim, H. (1923) Parthenogenese, gynandromorphismus und geschlechtsbestimmung bei Phasmiden. Zeitschr. f. Abst. u. Vererbgsl., 30, 287–289.
  • Leuzinger, H. (1925) PhD thesis. In Zur Kenntnis der Anatomie und Entwicklunsgeschichte von Carausius Morosus Br. 1. Eibau und Keimblätterbildung. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der philosophischen Doktorwürde vorgelegt der philosophischen Fakultät II der Universität Zürich. Gustav Fischer, Jena. [in German]
  • Leuzinger, H., Wiesmann, R. & Lehmann, F.E. (1926) In Zur Kenntnis der Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus Br. Gustav Fischer, Jena. [in German]
  • Toumanoff, K. (1927) Deux cas de gynandromorphisme biparti chez Dixippus morosus Br. et Redt. Comptes rendus des séances de la Sociéte de biologie, 107, 1388.
  • Meissner, O. & Elkind, A. (1928) Kleine Mitteilungen. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 41, 466–467. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Entomologische-Zeitschrift_41_0466-0467.pdf
  • Toumanoff, K. (1928) Le gynandromorphisme chez Dixippus (Carausius) morosus Br. et Redt. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 62, 388–413.
  • Cappe de Baillon, P. (1931) Recherches sur la Tératologie des Insects II. La descendance des monstres de Phasmides. In Encyclopédie Entomologique. Série A, XIV. Paul Lechevalier & Fils, Paris. pp. 1–301, pls 7.
  • Metalnikoff, N. (1932) Expêriences sur le développement des oeufs de Carausius morosus soumis a l'action du circuit oscillant lakhovsky. V Congrès International d'Entomológie, 1932, 313–314.
  • Meissner, O. (1934) Noch einiges über die indische Stabheuschrecke (Phasmidae). Entomologisches Jahrbuch, 1–3.
  • Thomas, M. (1934) L'immobilisation protectrice: observations sur Carausius morosus (2e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 74, 351–360.
  • Pflugfelder, O. (1937) Bau, Entwicklung und Funktion der Corpora allata und cardiaca von Dixippus morosus Br. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 149, 477–512.
  • Polak, R.A. (1939) Iets over Phasmidae-Eieren Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 27, 164–166.
  • Hewlett (1940) The Entomologist, 73.
  • Yasumatsu, K. (1942) Eggs of Stick Insects. Bulletin of Takarazuka Insectarium, 18, 1–19. [in Japanese]
  • Nel, A. (1952) Régénération et croissance des pattes atypiques chez le phasme (Carausius morosus Br.). Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 86, 449–470, 6 pls.
  • Nel, A. (1953) La production par régénération directe des tarses hypotypiques et des tarses peutamères au cours du développement post-embryonnaire chez le phasme femelle (Carausius morosus Br.). Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris, 237, 1451–1454.
  • Basden, E.B. (1955) Egg-laying of the stick insect (Carausius morosus Brunner) (Orthop., Phasmidae). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 61, 201–202.
  • Bergerard, J. (1958) Production expérimentale du gynandromorphisme chez Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmidae). Comptes Rendus Hébdomaraires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, 246, 1930–1933.
  • Urvoy, J. (1958) Ontogenèse de l'organe de Johnston chez les Phasmides. Ann. Des. Sc. Nat. Zool., 11, 183–195.
  • Bergerard, J. (1961) Analyse de la période sensible à la température pour la diff érenciation sexuelle de Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmidae). Comptes Rendus Hébdomaraires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, 255, 2149–2151.
  • Ebner, R. (1961) Phasmiden als Insektarium-Tiere. Verhandlungen XI Internationaler Kongress fuer Entomologie Wien, 196, 30–32. [1960]
  • Bergerard, J. (1962) Parthenogenesis in the Phasmidae (Faits étranges de la reproduction des Phasmides). Endeavour, 21, 137–143.
  • Stanek, V.J. (1962) In The pictorial encyclopedia of the animal kingdom. Hamlyn, London, New York, Sydney, Toronto.
  • Bart, A. (1965) Induction expérementale d'une morphogenèse accompagnant ou non la régénération de la patte de Carausius morosus Br. Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences, Paris, 261, 5619–5622, pl. 1.
  • Bart, A. (1965) Sur l'origine des formations surnuméraires au cours de la régénération des pattes chez Carausius morosus Br. Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences, Paris, 261, 1901–1903.
  • Ragge, D.R. (1965) Grasshoppers, crickets and cockroaches of the British Isles. F. Warne & Co., London, 299 pp.
  • Bart, A. (1966) Transformation expérimentale du trochanter en fémur chez Carausius morosus Br. Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences, Paris, 262, 2163–2165.
  • Pijnacker, L.P. (1966) The maturation divisions of the parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus Br. (Orthoptera, Phasmidae). Chromosoma, Berlin, 19, 99–112.
  • Orlando, E. & Corbino, M. (1967) Thymidine H₃ incorporation in the follicular cells of Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmidae). Monitore zoologico italiano (N.S.), 1, 261–270.
  • Pijnacker, L.P. (1967) Abnormal segmentation in the stick insect Carausius morosus Br. Koninkl. Nederl. Akademie van Wetenschappen, C70(5), 545–555.
  • Sire, M. (1967) Ordre des Phasmoptères. In Les Élevages des Petits Animaux leurs enseignements. Paul Lechevalier, Paris. 215–238 pp.
  • Pijnacker, L.P. (1968) A remarkable teratological specimen of the Indian stick insect Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmidae, Orthoptera). Entomologische Berichten, 28, 149–151. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/264224#page/167/mode/1up
  • Cavallin, M. (1969) Etude descriptive du développement et de la différenciation sexuelle de l'appareil génital chez les embryons de phasmes Clitumnus extradentatus Br. et Carausius morosus Br. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris. (Sér. D: Sciences Naturelles), T268(17), 2189–2192. Available at http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k62969219/f1103.image
  • Scali, V. (1969) Researches on sex-chromatin of three phasmid species (Cheleutoptera=Phasmoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia, 36, 413. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11250006909440091
  • Thomas, A. (1969) Etude du déterminisme de l'oviposition chez Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmides Chéleutoptères). 269, 2424–2427.
  • Crotch, W.J.B. & Al., E. (1970) In Rearing Stick Insects. Amateur Entomologist's Society. AES Leaflet No. 30, London. 1–20 pp.
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  • Beadle, D.J. (1972) Structural differentiation in the mid-gut epithelium of the phasmid Carausius morosus Brunner. Journal of Entomology (A), 47(1), 71–83, 14 figs.
  • Bergerard, J. (1972) Environmental and physiological control of sex determination and differentiation. Annual Review of Entomology, 17(1), 57–74. Available at http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.en.17.010172.000421
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  • Nicolson, S., Horsfield, P.M., Gardiner, B.O.C. & Maddrell, S.H.P. (1974) Effects of starvation and dehydration on osmotic and ionic balance in Carausius morosus. Journal of Insect Physiology, 20, 2061–2069.
  • Seiler, J.P. (1974) Une brinille qui marche: Le Dixippe morose. Sciences Nat., June 1974, 2–4.
  • Sellick, J.T.C. (1974) In Stick and Leaf Insects. Barry Shurlock, Winchester. 1–65 pp.
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  • Cassidy, M.D. (1978) Development of an induced food plant preference in the Indian Stick Insect Carausius morosus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 24, 87–93.
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  • Thomas, A. (1979) Inhibition of the onset of vitellogenesis by abnormal retention of mature eggs in the stick insect, Carausius morosus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION, 1(6), 347–354. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01651269.1979.10553332
  • Thomas, A. (1979) Nervous control of egg progression into the common oviduct and genital chamber of the stick-insect Carausius morosus. Journal of Insect Physiology, 25(10), 811–821, 823. Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022191079900842
  • Mazzini, M. & Scali, V. (1980) Ultrastructure and amino-acid analysis of the eggs of the stick insects, Lonchodes pterodactylus GRAY and Carausius morosus BR. (Phasmatodea: Heteronemiidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology.
  • Pijnacker, L.P. & Ferwerda, M.A. (1980) Sex chromosomes and origin of males and sex mosaics of the parthenogenetic stick insect Carausius morosus Br. Chromosoma, Berlin, 79, 105–114.
  • Sellick, J.T.C. (1980) A study of the eggs of the insect order Phasmida with particular reference to establishing the taxonomic value of egg structure in this group. UNPUBLISHED. PhD thesis. University of London. Available at http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281183
  • Hinton, H.E. (1981) 18. Cheleutoptera. In Biology of insect eggs 2. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 533–545 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/289894830_Biology_of_Insect_Eggs
  • Schindler (1981) Untersuchungen zur regeneration bei der indischen Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus Br. (Insecta: Phasmida). Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften, 1(2), 249–253.
  • Vanschuytbroeck, P. & Cools, J. (1981) Catalogue et liste du material typique des Phasmatodea conserve dans les collections Entomologiques de l´Institut Royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Orthopteroidea: Phasmatodea Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902 (=Cheleutoptera Crompton, 1915). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 53(23), 1–26. Available at http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletins-de-linstitut-royal-des-sciences-naturelles-de-belgique-entomologie/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-entomology/vanschuytbroeck_catalogue_1981
  • Ferwerda, M.A. & Pijnacker, L.P. (1982) PNormal and BrdC-substituted chromosomes during spermatogenesis with an endomeiotic chromosome reduplication in Carausius morosus Br. Chromosoma, Berlin, 85, 67–82.
  • Bässler, U. & Wegner, U. (1983) Motor output of the denervated thoracic ventral nerve cord in the stick insect Carausius morosus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 105, 127–145.
  • Bässler, U. (1983) In Neural basis of elementary behaviour in stick insects. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 1–169 pp. Available at http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-642-68813-3
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  • Bullini, L. (1985) Specition by hybridization in animals. Bollettino di Zoologia, 52, 121–137. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11250008509440346
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  • Carlberg, U. (1986) Evolutionary and ecological aspects of reproduction adaptations in Phasmida (Insecta). Biologisches Zentralblatt, 105, 641–651.
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  • Baccetti, B. (1987) Spermatozoa and stick insects phylogeny. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 117–124. [1986]
  • Bradley, J.T. & Giorgi, F. (1987) Endocrine control of insect vitellogenesis: is the stick insect exceptional? In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 11–19. [1986]
  • Bullini, L. & Nascetti, G. (1987) Speciation by hydridization in stick insects (Insecta, Phasmatodea). In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 179–194. [1986]
  • Bässler, U. (1987) Mutual constraints during evolution and catalepsy and rocking movements in phasmids. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 79–85. [1986]
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  • Cruse, H., Knauth, A. & Schwarze, W. (1987) Coordination of middle and hind legs of a walking stick insect. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 87–96. [1986]
  • Giorgi, F. & Mazzini, M. (1987) An overview of ovarian growth in stick insects. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 21–30. [1986]
  • Gäde, G. (1987) Presence, isolation, structure elucidation and mode of action of metabolically active neuropeptides from stick insects. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 97–107. [1986]
  • Masetti, M. (1987) A comparative analysis of vitellins in stick insects. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 149–156. [1986]
  • Mazzini, M. & Giorgi, F. (1987) The secretory pathway in the fat body of stick insects. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 39–46. [1986]
  • Pijnacker, L.P. & Ferwerda, M.A. (1987) The synaptonemal complexes in oocytes and spermatocytes of the parthenogenetic Carausius morosus Br. (Phasmatodea). In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 47–51. [1986]
  • Pijnacker, L.P. & Koch, P. (1987) Oogenesis and spermatogensis of the parthenogenetic Carausius morosus Br. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. pp. 49–51.
  • Pijnacker, L.P. (1987) The parthenogenesis and cytogenetics of Carausius morosus Br. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 203–210. [1986]
  • Schjeide, O.A. & Schmidt, P. (1987) Preliminary characterization of the egg yolk and hemolymph of Carausius morosus. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 52–70. [1986]
  • Spinetti, I. (1987) Protein synthesis and secretion by in vitro cultured ovarian follicles in Carausius morosus. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 71–78. [1986]
  • Viscuso, R. & Longo, G. (1987) The micropylar plate and its possible role in the eggs of Phasmatodea. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 169–177. [1986]
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Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
TaxonValid names
RankExtantFossilInvalidTotal
Species1034