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Animalia
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Lonchodidae
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Lonchodini
Carausius Stål, 1875

genus

Carausius Stål, 1875

Type

Carausius strumosus Stål, 1875 type species by subsequent designation of Carausius Stål, 1875

Nomenclature (54)

Carausius Stål, 1875: 8.
type species by subsequent designation Carausius strumosus Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904
Dixippus Stål, 1875: 9, 66.
type species by subsequent designation Phasma (Bacteria) crawangense Haan, 1842 in Rehn, 1904
... Show all ... (50)

Carausius Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904: 42.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904: 320.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904: 41.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Lonchodes Gray, 1835) in Kirby, 1904: 321.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 264.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 278.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Caudell, 1909: 111. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Pantel, 1917: 280.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Phasgania Kirby, 1896) in Karny, 1923: 236.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Günther, 1929: 615.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Wu, 1935: 49.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Cappe de Baillon, Favrelle & Vichêt, 1938: 168.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 181.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 181.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1979: 327. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Vickery, 1983: 4.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1987: 138. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Hausleithner, 1990: 393.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bragg, 1992: 129.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Bragg, 1992: 129.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brock, 1995: 85.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1997: 104, 119. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Balderson, Rentz & Roach, 1998: 363.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Herwaarden, 1998: 75.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brock, 1999: 28, 168.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Cliquennois, 1999: 52. Specimen or distribution
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bragg, 2001: 415, 630.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Bragg, 2001: 624.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2004: 307.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2004: 309.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 82.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 82.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 76.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 9.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Chen & He, 2008: 57.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Xu, 2008: 17. Specimen or distribution
Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Chen & He, 2008: 61.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 76.
Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 9.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Mandal & Yadav, 2010: 34. Image or description
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Parikh, 2010: 51.
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Harman, 2012: 14. Specimen or distribution
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bidau, Taffarel & Castillo, 2016: 30. Behavior
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Ho, 2017: 44. Phylogeny or classification; Key
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2017: 103. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2017: 137. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2018: 458. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2020: 11. Phylogeny or classification; Key
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Ho, 2021: 12. Phylogeny or classification
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2021: 25. Key

Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 524. Specimen or distribution
Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2023: 8-11. Phylogeny or classification; Key

Nomenclature references (44)

Balderson, J., Rentz, D.C.F. & Roach, A.M.E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In W.W.K. Houston & A. Wells (Eds.). Zoological Catalog of Australia. Vol. 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. pp. 347–376, 451–456.
Bidau, C.J., Taffarel, A. & Castillo, E.R. (2016) Breaking the rule: multiple patterns of scaling of sexual size dimorphism with body size in orthopteroid insects. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 75(1-2), 11–36. [2015] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/304497290_Breaking_the_rule_multiple_patterns_of_scaling_of_sexual_size_dimorphism_with_body_size_in_orthopteroid_insects
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Bradley, J.C. & Galil, B.S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 79(2), 176–208. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16301624#page/194/mode/1up

Bragg, P.E. (1992) The Phasmid Phenacephorus spinulosus (Hausleithner) from Borneo, including a description of the female. Entomologist’s monthly Magazine, 128, 185–192.

Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/

Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brock, P.D. (1995) Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 49(2), 83–102. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/348052167_Catalogue_of_Stick_and_Leaf-Insects_Insecta_Phasmida_associated_with_Peninsular_Malaysia_and_Singapore_Malaysian_Naturalist_49283-102

Brock, P.D. (1999) Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 223 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/stick-and-leaf-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore-book

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini

Cappe de Baillon, P., Favrelle, M. & Vichêt, G.de (1938) Parthénogenèse et variation chez les phasmes. IV. Discussion des faits. Conclusions. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 72, 167–212.

Caudell, A.N. (1909) Miscellaneous notes on Orthoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 11, 111–114. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20213#page/145/mode/1up

Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (2008) Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.nhbs.com/phasmatodea-of-china-chinese-book

Cliquennois, N. (1999) Phasmids of Bangladesh. Phasmid Studies, 7(2), 41–64. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207263#page/43/mode/1up

Gray, G.R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 48 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8697

Günther, K. (1929) Die Phasmoiden der Deutschen Kaiserin Augusta-Fluss-Expedition 1912/13. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmoidenfauna Neuguineas. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 14, 600–747, pl. 1–7.

Harman, A.J.E. (2012) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Three. PSG No. 101 - PSG No. 150. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 128, 13–15.

Hausleithner, B. (1990) Die Eier einiger Carausius-Arten und einige Bemerkungen zu diesem Genus (Phasmatodea). Ent. Z. Frankfurt, 100(21), 393–412.

Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2008) Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906, 1–316. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frank_Hennemann

Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Zhang, W. (2008) Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea. Zootaxa, 1735, 1–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468541_Catalogue_of_the_Stick_and_Leaf-insects_Phasmatodea_of_China_with_a_faunistic_analysis_review_of_recent_ecological_and_biological_studies_and_bibliography_Insecta_Orthoptera_Phasmatodea

Herwaarden, H.M.C.V. (1998) A guide to the genera of stick- and leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) of New Guinea and the surrounding islands. SCIENCE IN NEW GUINEA, 24(2), 55–114. Available at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fiji/pdf/vanheerwarden1998.pdf

Ho, G.W.-C. (2017) Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea V: New taxa and new nomenclatures of the subfamilies Necrosciinae (Diapheromeridae) and Lonchodinae (Phasmatidae) from the Phasmatodea of China. Zootaxa, 4368(1), 1–72. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/322006202_Contribution_to_the_knowledge_of_Chinese_Phasmatodea_V_New_taxa_and_new_nomenclatures_of_the_subfamilies_Necrosciinae_Diapheromeridae_and_Lonchodinae_Phasmatidae_from_the_Phasmatodea_of_China

Ho, G.W.-C. (2021) Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea VIII: Four new species of Carausius Stål, 1875 from China (Lonchodidae: Lonchodinae). Bulletin of Hong Kong Entomological Society, 13(1), 12–21. Available at http://www.hkentsoc.org/publications/page50/page50.html

Karny, H.H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Hortus Botanicus Bogoriensis, Java (Treubia), 3(2), 230–242. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110723#page/310/mode/1up

Kirby, W.F. (1896) On some new or rare Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 6(6), 447–475, pl. 39–40. Available at http://academic.oup.com/transactionslinneanzoo/article-abstract/6/6/447/3608803?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661

Mandal, S.K. & Yadav, K. (2010) Some phasmida (stick and leaf insects) of India. RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER, 318, 1–64. Available at http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/occpapers/318/index.pdf

Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file

Pantel, J. (1917) Description de Carausius nouveaux (Orth. Phasmidae) et notes sur les Carausius de l´Inde Meridionale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 86, 267–306 pl. 2. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36392#page/287/mode/1up

Parikh, P. (2010) Status and diversity of orthopteroids in Gir PA, Gujarat. International Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 1(1), 50–57. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/PH_Parikh/publication/315335000_Status_and_Diversity_of_Orthopteroieds_in_Gir_PA_Gujarat/links/58cce917a6fdcc5cccb99d2a/Status-and-Diversity-of-Orthopteroieds-in-Gir-PA-Gujarat.pdf

Rehn, J.A.G. (1904) Studies in the Orthopterous family Phasmidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 56, 38–107. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/48/mode/1up

Sellick, J.T.C. (1979) A key to the eggs of stick and leaf insects (Phasmida). Systematic Entomology, 4, 325–331. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1979.tb00617.x

Sellick, J.T.C. (1987) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmatodea, and its taxonomic significance. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 133–139. [1986]

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Seow-Choen, F. (2017) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo: Vol. II. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Kota Kinabalu, 261 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-borneo-vol-2/

Seow-Choen, F. (2017) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 163 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/taxonomic-guide-stick-insects-singapore/

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Stål, C. (1875) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthoptères décrits par Linné, DeGeer et Thunberg. 3. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32, 1–105. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924018284798

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Xu, F.L. (2008) A taxonomic study on Phasmatodea in Guizhou [UNPUBLISHED]. Ghizhou University, Guiyang, China, 70 pp. PhD thesis. [in Chinese]
Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, Germany, 327 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313233330_Revision_of_the_genera_of_the_Areolatae_including_the_status_of_Timema_and_Agathemera_Insecta_Phasmatodea

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
genus	1	0	1	2
species	53	0	40	93
subspecies	2	0	3	5