genus

Libethra Stål, 1875

Type

type species by subsequent designation of

Nomenclature (49)

Ceroys Saussure, 1872: 169. (homonym)
Libethra Stål, 1875: 20, 74.
type species by subsequent designation Libethra nisseri Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904
... Show all ... (45)

Caulonia Stål, 1875: 20, 74. (nomen nudum; homonym)
type species by subsequent designation Caulonia bifolia Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904
Caulonia Stål, 1875: 10. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904: 345.
Caulonia Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904: 431.
Caulonia Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904: 344.
Ceroys Saussure, 1872 (synonym of Caulonia Stål, 1875) in Kirby, 1904: 344.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 303.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Shelford, 1909: 344.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Hebard, 1919: 162.
Caulonia Stål, 1875 in Hebard, 1919: 163.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Günther, 1932: 234-257.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Günther, 1940: 496.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Moxey, 1972: 161. Phylogeny or classification
Ceroys Saussure, 1872 (synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Moxey, 1972: 161. Phylogeny or classification
Caulonia Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Moxey, 1972: 161. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 180.
Caulonia Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 180.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1987: 138. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Brock, 1992: 13. Image or description
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Potvin, 1993: 59. Specimen or distribution
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1997: 105, 119. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1998: 213. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 1998: 55. Phylogeny or classification
Caulonia Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Zompro, 1998: 55. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2001: 224.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Bragg, 2001: 636.
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001: 226.
type species by original designation Ceroys rabdota Westwood, 1859
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001: 219.
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001: 49.
Caulonia Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Bragg, 2001: 622.
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001 (nomen novum for Caulonia Stål, 1875)
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2004: 313.
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001 in Zompro, 2004: 321.
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001 in Zompro, 2004: 307.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 175.
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 310.
Ceroys Saussure, 1872 (synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 175.
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 48, 200. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Caulonia Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 48. Phylogeny or classification
Rugosolibethra Zompro, 2001 (subjective synonym of Libethra Stål, 1875) in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 48. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Harman, 2012: 12. Specimen or distribution
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Gutiérrez-Valencia, Gutiérrez & Dias, 2017: 1. Phylogeny or classification
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Murcia, Cadena-Castañeda, González & García García, 2017: 128, fig. Image or description
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Holland, 2018: 28, fig. Image or description
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Simon, Letsch, Bank, Buckley, Donath, Liu, Machida, Meusemann, Misof, Podsiadlowski, Zhou, Wipfler & Bradler, 2019: 8. Phylogeny or classification

Libethra Stål, 1875 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 516. Specimen or distribution
Libethra Stål, 1875 in Murcia & Cadena-Castañeda, 2023: 4.

Nomenclature references (31)

Bradley, J.C. & Galil, B.S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 79(2), 176–208. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16301624#page/194/mode/1up
Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/
... Show all ... (27)

Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brock, P.D. (1992) New Edition. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 73 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini

Conle, O.V., Hennemann, F.H. & Gutiérrez, Y. (2011) The Stick Insects of Colombia. Herstellung und Verlag: Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, 406 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468951_The_Stick_Insects_of_Colombia_A_Catalogue_and_Bibliography_with_the_descriptions_of_four_new_genera_and_74_new_species

Gutiérrez-Valencia, J., Gutiérrez, Y. & Dias, L.G. (2017) Species delimitation in the crypsis-defended and polymorphic stick insects of the genus Libethra (Phasmatodea, Diapheromeridae). Zoologica Scripta, doi:10.1111/zsc.1224, 1–13. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zsc.12242/full

Günther, K. (1932) Columbianische Phasmoiden aus der Sammlung des Rev. Apolinar Maria. Mit einer Ubersicht über das Genus Libethra Stål. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 18(2).

Günther, K. (1940) Über die Verbreitung einiger Insekten im Gebiete des Amazonenstromes und die Frage eines columbianischen Faunendistriktes in der brasilianischen Subregion. Archiv für Naturgeschichte N. F., 9, 450–500. Available at http://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&output=html_text&id=L8TRAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=G%C3%BCnther

Harman, A.J.E. (2012) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Two: PSG No. 51 - PSG No. 100. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 127, 12–15.

Hebard, M. (1919) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Part I. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 45, 89–178, pl. 16–23. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7268143#page/105/mode/1up

Holland, D. (2018) Trip to Colombia August 2017. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 140, 28–29.

Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661

Kirby, W.F. (1904) Notes on Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, with descriptions of new species. - No. 1. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)13, 372–377. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54611#page/392/mode/1up

Moxey, C.F. (1972) The stick-insects (Phasmatodea) of the West Indies -- their systematics and ecology [UNPUBLISHED]. Harvard University, 1–211, pl. 1–20. PhD thesis.

Murcia, A. & Cadena-Castañeda, O.J. (2023) The stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) from the Cloud Forest of the Chicaque Natural Park, Colombia. Insecta Mundi, 1020, 1–45. [in English]

Murcia, A., Cadena-Castañeda, O.J., González, N. & García García, A. (2017) Orden Phasmatodea. In Artrópodos de la Reserva Natural las Palmeras, Cubarral - Meta. Cormacarena. Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá. pp. 122–129.

Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file

Potvin, W. (1993) A new Libethra from Ecuador. Phasmid Studies, 2(2), 59–61. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207248#page/61/mode/1up

Saussure, H.L.F.de (1872) Etudes sur les insectes orthoptères. Familles des phasmides et des mantides. In M. Edwards (Ed.). Etudes sur les insectes orthoptères. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l’Amérique Centrale. Recherches zoologiques. Imprimerie impériale, Paris. Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 125–201, pl. 3–4. [1870; in French] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207775#page/139/mode/1up

Sellick, J.T.C. (1987) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmatodea, and its taxonomic significance. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 133–139. [1986]

Sellick, J.T.C. (1997) Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology, 22, 97–122. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1997.d01-30.x

Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x

Shelford, R.W.C. (1909) Family Phasmidae. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta Orthoptera 2, 343–377, pl. 5–8. Available at http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/bca/navigation/bca_20_02_00/bca_20_02_00select.cfm

Simon, S., Letsch, H., Bank, S., Buckley, T.R., Donath, A., Liu, S., Machida, R., Meusemann, K., Misof, B., Podsiadlowski, L., Zhou, X., Wipfler, B. & Bradler, S. (2019) Old World and New World Phasmatodea: Phylogenomics Resolve the Evolutionary History of Stick and Leaf Insects. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7(345), 1–14. Available at http://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/5568/stick-insect-research-in-the-era-of-genomics-exploring-the-evolution-of-a-mesodiverse-insect-order#articles

Stål, C. (1875) Observations Orthoptérologiques. 1. Sur une systématisation nouvelle des Phasmides. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 3(14), 1–21. Available at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/49924#page/523/mode/1up

Stål, C. (1875) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthoptères décrits par Linné, DeGeer et Thunberg. 3. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32, 1–105. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924018284798

Zompro, O. (1998) Revision nearktischer und neotropischer Genera der Insektenordnung Phasmatodea, insbesondere der Familie Heteronemiidae sensu Bradley & Galil [UNPUBLISHED]. PhD thesis. Universität zu Kiel, Kiel. [in German] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oliver_Zompro

Zompro, O. (2001) [Author's note of errors in New World revision]. Phasmid Studies, 10(1&2), 49.

Zompro, O. (2001) A generic revision of the insect order Phasmatodea: The New World genera of the stick insect subfamily Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae = Heteronemiidae Heteronemiinae sensu Bradley & Galil, 1977. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108(1), 189–255. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41186821#page/207/mode/1up
Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, Germany, 327 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313233330_Revision_of_the_genera_of_the_Areolatae_including_the_status_of_Timema_and_Agathemera_Insecta_Phasmatodea

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
genus	1	0	3	4
species	36	0	28	64