species

Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841)

Coconut Stick-insect

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female, lateral view of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female: head & thorax, lateral view of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female: end of abdomen, dorsal view of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female: end of abdomen, lateral view of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female: end of abdomen, ventral view of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1864532; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab: female, data labels of synonym Alopus coccophages (syntype) Source: Paul Brock's photos, copyright Natural History Museum, London. (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (64)

Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841: 293.
Holotype; male; 010b95f3-692e-494f-af0c-3c6c5d59f5f9; Samoa
Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844: 288, pl. 14:4.
Syntype (n= 2); female; e9546030-2ecc-4eeb-aa99-5a7188fd4bab; deposited at: Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); Southwestern Pacific, Navigator's Island
... Show all ... (60)

Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841 in Westwood, 1859: 14.
Lopaphus coccophagus (Newport, 1844) in Westwood, 1859: 99.
Graeffea purpuripennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1868: 46, figs. 1,2.
Syntypes (n= 2); male; bd576a0f-80a2-4351-af17-fe75ebe0955f; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Fiji: Viti Levu. Syntypes (n= 2); female; 262f2fb1-48a6-48d6-8945-c61ab6d499fc; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Fiji: Viti Levu. Syntypes (n= 2); male; 46d4c4f5-c9de-4caa-bdda-93665dc80a0a; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); New Caledonia. Syntypes (n= 2); female; cb1316e1-6289-4972-a700-071efe93cb95; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); New Caledonia
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868: 67.
Holotype; female; 830a4271-9127-44d6-9630-41b95350a088; deposited at: Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (MHNG); Nuka-Hiva Is
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868 in Saussure, 1869: 297, pl. 2:3-3a.
Graeffea coccophaga (Newport, 1844) in Stål, 1875: 85.
Lopaphus cocophages [sic] (Newport, 1844) in Kirby, 1884: 477. Specimen or distribution
Lopaphus cocophages [sic] (Newport, 1844) (misspelling of Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844) in Kirby, 1884: 477. Phylogeny or classification
Lopaphus coccophagus (Newport, 1844) in Kirby, 1884: 477. Economic matters
Graeffea coccophaga (Newport, 1844) in Tepper, 1903: 283. Specimen or distribution
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868 in Kirby, 1904: 386.
Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Kirby, 1904: 386.
Graeffea purpuripennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1868 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Kirby, 1904: 386.
Graeffea cocophages [sic] (Newport, 1844) in Rehn, 1904: 85.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Kirby, 1904: 386.
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868 (subjective synonym of Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844) in Redtenbacher, 1908: 371.
Graeffea purpuripennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1868 (subjective synonym of Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844) in Redtenbacher, 1908: 371. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea coccophaga (Newport, 1844) in Redtenbacher, 1908: 371. Phylogeny or classification; Image or description
Graeffea coccophaga (Newport, 1844) in Bruner, 1915: 234. Specimen or distribution
Graeffea coccophaga (Newport, 1844) in Hopkins, 1927: 23. Economic matters
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Hebard, 1933: 124. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Hebard, 1933: 124.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in O'Connor, 1949: 1.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Eady, 1956: 61.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Nakata, 1961: 117. Specimen or distribution
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Paine, 1968: 567, figs..
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Stelzer, 1970: 49.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Bedford, 1978: 126. Life history
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Smith, Brophy, Cavill & Davies, 1979: 727.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Kamath & Singh, 1979: 76.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Sellick, 1980: 102, fig. 51. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Carlberg, 1981: 905. Behavior
Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Vickery, 1983: 7. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Carlberg, 1986: 8.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Sellick, 1988: 280. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Rapp, 1989: 1. Ecological data
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Rapp, 1995: 89. Behavior
Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Kevan & Vickery, 1997: 325. Specimen or distribution
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Kevan & Vickery, 1997: 325.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Sellick, 1998: 221. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Paulian, 1998: 68, fig. Image or description
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Brock, 1999: 28.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Willemse, 2001: 117, fig.. Economic matters
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868 in Zompro & Brock, 2003: 12.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Brock, 2003: 227, fig. 3, 231.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Brock, 2003: 64, pl. 3b.
Anophelepis fulvescens Saussure, 1868 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 147.
Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 146. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea purpuripennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1868 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 147.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 146.
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Evenhuis, 2007: 1. Specimen or distribution
Lopaphus coccophagus (Newport, 1844) in Evenhuis, 2007: 27. Specimen or distribution
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Trewick, Morgan-Richards & Collins, 2008: 806. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Waqa-Sakiti & Caucau, 2009: 46. Specimen or distribution
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Swamy & Deesh, 2012: 1, figs.. Image or description; Life history; Economic matters
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Deesh, Swamy & Khan, 2013: 18. Economic matters
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Baker, 2015: 13. Ecological data
Graeffea coccophaga (Newport, 1844) in Baker, 2015: 1. Economic matters
Alopus coccophages Newport, 1844 (subjective synonym of Bacillus crouanii Le Guillou, 1841) in Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 165. Phylogeny or classification
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Deesh, Jokhan, Joshi, Khan & Jerard, 2020: 1. Ecological data

Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Hennemann, 2020: 165. Specimen or distribution
Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou, 1841) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 471, 555, fig. Image or description; Specimen or distribution

Nomenclature references (49)

Baker, E.W. (2015) The worldwide status of phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) as pests of agriculture and forestry, with a generalised theory of phasmid outbreaks. Agriculture & Food Security, 4(22), 1–19. Available at http://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-015-0040-6
Bedford, G.O. (1978) Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea. Annual Review of Entomology, 23, 125–149. Available at http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.en.23.010178.001013
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Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brock, P.D. (1999) In The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, Orpington. Vol. 26, 1–165; 40 pp color plates. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/the-amazing-world-of-stick-and-leaf-insects.html

Brock, P.D. (2003) Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. Revised Edition. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 89 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html

Brock, P.D. (2003) Phasmida (Stick and leaf insects). In Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Insects. Gale Group. pp. 221–231. Available at http://lemondedesphasmes.free.fr/IMG/pdf/sp657794.pdf

Brock, P.D., Marshall, J.A., Beccaloni, G.W. & Harman, A.J.E. (2016) The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa, 4179(2), 151–208. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/309585799_The_types_of_Phasmida_in_the_Natural_History_Museum_London_UK

Bruner, L. (1915) Preliminary catalogue of the orthopteroid insects of the Philippine Islands. University studies of the University of Lincoln, Nebraska, 15(2), 195–281. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94891#page/266/mode/1up

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1868) Reisen im Inneren der Insel Viti Levu von Dr. Graeffe. Festschrift an die zürcherische Jugend. Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Zürich, 70, 1–48, 3 pls.

Carlberg, U. (1981) Defensive secretion of stick insects (Phasmida). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 7(5), 905–906.

Carlberg, U. (1986) Phasmida - A biological review. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 216(1/2), 1–18.

Deesh, A.D., Jokhan, A.D., Joshi, R.C., Khan, M.G.M. & Jerard, B.A. (2020) Seasonal abundance and host plants of coconut stick insect (Graeffea crouanii Le Guillou) in coconut plantations of Fiji islands. Journal of Plantation Crops, 48(1), 1–10. Available at http://updatepublishing.com/journal/index.php/JPC/article/view/6211

Deesh, A.D., Swamy, B.N. & Khan, M.G.M. (2013) Distribution of coconut stick insect, Graeffea crouanii and its parasitoids in selected islands of Fiji. Fiji Agriculture Journal, 53(1), 18–24. Available at http://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Distribution-of-coconut-stick-insect%2C-Graeffea-and-Deesh-Swamy/5c1f2a63720bee5d5c3992829f8b4acb0e6200b0

Eady, R.D. (1956) Two new species of the genus Paranastatus Masi (Hym. Eupelmidae) from Fiji. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47, 61–67.

Evenhuis, N.L. (2007) Checklist of the Phasmida of Fiji. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 38(17), 1–2. Available at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fiji/pdf/tr38(17).pdf

Hebard, M. (1933) The Dermaptera and Orthoptera of the Marquesas Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 114, 105–140. Available at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/

Hennemann, F.H. (2020) Megacraniinae—The Palm Stick Insects: A new subfamily of Old World Phasmatodea and a redefinition of Platycraninae Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 (Phasmatodea: “Anareolatae”). Zootaxa, 4896(2), 151–179. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/347519362_Megacraniinae-The_Palm_Stick_Insects_A_new_subfamily_of_Old_World_Phasmatodea_and_a_redefinition_of_Platycraninae_Brunner_v_Wattenwyl_1893_Phasmatodea_Anareolatae

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Kamath, M.K. & Singh, D.N. (1979) Coconut Pests. 2. Coconut Stick-insect, Graeffea crouanii (Le Guillou) (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae). Ann. res. Rept. 1979 Dept. Agric. Fiji, 76–77.

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Kirby, W.F. (1884) On the Orthoptera collected during the recent Expedition of H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 476–479. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938409459280

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Zompro, O. & Brock, P.D. (2003) Catalogue of type-material of stick-insects housed in the Muséum d histoire naturelle, Geneva, with descriptions of some new taxa (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 110(1), 3–43, 62 figs. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/128314#page/5/mode/1up

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
species	1	0	8	9