species

Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814)

Spur-legged Stick-insect

Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814): copyright P.D. Brock. male, South Australia: Mt. Lofty, February 2007. (Otu).

Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814): copyright P.D. Brock. habitat, South Australia: Mt. Lofty, February 2007. (Otu).

Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814): copyright NMW, Vienna. female of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (Otu).

CollectionObject 1558404; 4ebebbe4-5bc4-4da5-bd56-b4cd5f0c5c22: from original publication, Leach 1814. male (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558405; NMW 749, 19b829f9-96e2-4779-baea-4a1041e4609a: copyright NMW, Vienna. female, lateral view of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558405; NMW 749, 19b829f9-96e2-4779-baea-4a1041e4609a: copyright NMW, Vienna. female: end of abdomen, lateral view of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558406; NMW 749', 92bad12c-f936-4aaa-9e65-f41148fcac0a: copyright NMW, Vienna. male of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558406; NMW 749', 92bad12c-f936-4aaa-9e65-f41148fcac0a: copyright NMW, Vienna. male, lateral view of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558407; 944bd3e1-cf89-4661-8397-a50191438911, NMW 749'': copyright NMW, Vienna. female of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558408; NMW 749''', d0acf5bb-4704-4f3c-a381-8f29273ea795: copyright NMW, Vienna. male of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558410; e1403b8f-81b4-40b8-831c-b0d06b03da3e: copyright MNHN, Paris. male of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1558411; 49535be7-9682-4b58-a50f-c5a41543865a: copyright MNHN, Paris. male of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1558414; NHMUK(SF IMPORT DUPLICATE) 845091, 59589231-d97c-45df-9f99-8e020a149c35: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female of synonym Phasma (Diura) roseipennis (holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1587028; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853: copyright MNHN, Paris. male of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1587029; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b: copyright MNHN, Paris. male of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1587028; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, data labels of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1587029; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, data labels of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1587028; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853: copyright MNHN, Paris. female of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1587029; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b: copyright MNHN, Paris. female of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1587028; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, data label of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1587029; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, data label of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1587028; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, labels of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1587029; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b: copyright MNHN, Paris. male, labels of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1587028; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853: copyright MNHN, Paris. female, data labels of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1587029; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b: copyright MNHN, Paris. female, data labels of synonym Diura discolor (syntype). (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (102)

Phasma violescens Leach, 1814: 26, pl. 9.
Holotype; male; 4ebebbe4-5bc4-4da5-bd56-b4cd5f0c5c22; deposited at: University of Sydney, Macleay Museum (MAMU); Australia
Phasma violascens [sic] (Leach, 1814) in Leach, 1815: 119.
... Show all ... (98)

Phasma violascens [sic] (Leach, 1814) (misspelling of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Leach, 1815: 119.
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833: 22, 27, pl. 7:1.
Holotype; female; NHMUK(SF IMPORT DUPLICATE) 845091; deposited at: Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); Australia
Phasma (Diura) violascens [sic] Leach, 1814 in Gray, 1833: 21, 27, pl. 7:2.
Acrophylla roseipennis (Gray, 1833) in Gray, 1835: 41.
Cyphocrania [sic] violascens (Leach, 1814) in Burmeister, 1838: 580.
Acrophylla violascens [sic] (Leach, 1814) in Westwood, 1859: 116. Phylogeny or classification; Image or description
Acrophylla violescens (Leach, 1814) in Stål, 1875: 8.
Acrophylla violascens [sic] (Leach, 1814) in McCoy, 1883: 33, pl. 79:1-2. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Rainbow, 1897: 41.
Acrophylla violescens (Leach, 1814) in Rainbow, 1897: 41.
Acrophylla violascens [sic] (Leach, 1814) in Tepper, 1903: 281. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Kirby, 1904: 381.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Kirby, 1904: 381.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Froggatt, 1907: 37.
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908: 382.
Syntype; female; NMW 749; deposited at: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Australia. Syntype; male; NMW 749'; deposited at: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Australia. Syntype; female; NMW 749''; deposited at: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Australia: Lord Howe Island [probably in error]. Syntype; male; NMW 749'''; deposited at: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Australia. Syntype; female; 4950a98e-25db-4227-9b7d-ba562be0c98a; deposited at: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany (SMNS); Australia: central. Syntype; male; e1403b8f-81b4-40b8-831c-b0d06b03da3e; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Australia: Rio Munaige. Syntypes (n= 2); female; 49535be7-9682-4b58-a50f-c5a41543865a; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Australia: Rio Munaige. Syntypes (n= 2); male; 356850b0-304d-4134-b37b-7d5acd985768; deposited at: Uebersee-Museum, Bremen or Department of Zoology, University of Bremen (UMBB); Australia. Syntypes (n= 2); female; 209abc82-ddb7-4047-9370-77fe421eba6f; deposited at: Uebersee-Museum, Bremen or Department of Zoology, University of Bremen (UMBB); Australia. Syntype; female; 0e7d6ca3-2921-4c5d-83b7-a9ef303d26b0; deposited at: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany (SMNS); Australia: New South Wales; Sydney. Syntypes (n= 5); male; d81b3c08-898b-49fd-95d0-fbf545015853; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Australia. Syntypes (n= 3); female; 4b5d035b-c2ac-49c1-97cf-8f27961cbd2b; deposited at: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Australia
Diura violascens [sic] (Leach, 1814) in Redtenbacher, 1908: 382.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Casimer, 1956: 87, 94.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Key, 1957: 247, pl. 1-3.
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Key, 1960: 236. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Campbell, 1960: 121. Ecological data
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Key, 1960: 235. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Campbell, 1961: 112. Ecological data
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Hadlington & Shipp, 1961: 268. Specimen or distribution; Life history; Behavior
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in China & Riley, 1962: 19.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Neumann & Endacott, 1962: 6.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Heather, 1965: 33.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Readshaw, 1965: 475.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Mazanec, 1966: 125.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Campbell & Hadlington, 1967: 1.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Mazanec, 1967: 221.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Mazanec, 1968: 3.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Readshaw, 1968: 37.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Readshaw & Mazanec, 1969: 29.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Craddock, 1970: 1380.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Bedford, 1970: 155.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Key, 1970: 351, fig. 22.3d; 358.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Readshaw & Bedford, 1971: 141.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Healy & Smithers, 1971: 25, pl. 10. Image or description
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Craddock, 1972: 448.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Craddock, 1974: 24.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Campbell, 1974: 3.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Craddock, 1975: 1.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Neumann, 1976: 1.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Neumann, 1976: 183.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Neumann, Harris & Wood, 1977: 1.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Bedford, 1978: 126. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Neumann, 1978: 217.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Goode, 1980: 41.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Sellick, 1980: 163, fig. 98. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Hinton, 1981: fig. Image or description
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Hadlington & Johnson, 1982: 26. Ecological data
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Vickery, 1983: 6.
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Vickery, 1983: 5.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Vickery, 1983: 5.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Carlberg, 1986: 1.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Carlberg, 1986: 643. Life history
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Masetti, 1987: 150.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Scali & Marescalchi, 1987: 211. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Carlberg, 1987: 47. Structure
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Sellick, 1988: 280. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Semmens, McQuillan & Hayhurst, 1992: 63. Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Hughes & Westoby, 1992: 644.
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Hennemann, Gehler & Conle, 1995: 438.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Rentz, 1996: 248, figs..
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Hughes, 1996: 35.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Horne & Crawford, 1996: 34, figs..
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Balderson, Rentz & Roach, 1998: 366.
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Balderson, Rentz & Roach, 1998: 366.
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Brock, 1998: 26.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Sellick, 1998: 224. Phylogeny or classification
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Balderson, Rentz & Roach, 1998: 366.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Brock, 1999: 28.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Collett & McCormick, 2001: 1.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Williams, 2002: 192. Specimen or distribution
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Hennemann & Conle, 2003: 5.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Schoenborn, Collett & McCormick, 2003: 1.
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Zompro, 2005: 4, fig..
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 125.
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 126.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 125.
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007: 74.
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007: 74.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007: 74.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Maginnis & Maginnis, 2007: 52.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Maginnis, 2008
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Brock & Hasenpusch, 2009: 124, figs., 174. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification; Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Gullan & Cranston, 2014: 504, fig. Image or description
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Baker, 2015: 11. Ecological data
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Bradler, 2015: 8, fig. Image or description
Phasma (Diura) roseipenne Gray, 1833 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 192. Phylogeny or classification; Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Farrow, 2016: 69, 109. Image or description
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Rudolf & Brock, 2017: e.T80200678A80200874. Ecological data; Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Bradler & Buckley, 2018: 284, fig. Image or description
Diura discolor Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Phasma violescens Leach, 1814) in Delfosse, Cliquennois, Depraetere & Robillard, 2019: 199. Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in O'Hanlon, Jones & Bulbert, 2020: 6.
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Williams, 2020: 127. Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 467, 560, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Brock & Coupland, 2022: 52, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution

Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in Coupland, 2022: 8. Specimen or distribution
Didymuria violescens (Leach, 1814) in McGavin & Davranoglou, 2023: 116. Behavior

Nomenclature references (88)

Baker, E.W. (2015) The worldwide status of phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) as pests of agriculture and forestry, with a generalised theory of phasmid outbreaks. Agriculture & Food Security, 4(22), 1–19. Available at http://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-015-0040-6
Balderson, J., Rentz, D.C.F. & Roach, A.M.E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In W.W.K. Houston & A. Wells (Eds.). Zoological Catalog of Australia. Vol. 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. pp. 347–376, 451–456.
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Bedford, G.O. (1970) The development of the egg of Didymuria violescens - embryology and determination of the stage at which first diapause occurs. Australian Journal of Zoology, 18, 155–169.

Bedford, G.O. (1978) Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea. Annual Review of Entomology, 23, 125–149. Available at http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.en.23.010178.001013

Bradler, S. & Buckley, T.R. (2018) 11. Biodiversity of Phasmatodea. In Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. pp. 281–313. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/326051925_Biodiversity_of_Phasmatodea

Bradler, S. (2015) Der Phasmatodea Tree of Life: Überraschendes und Ungeklärtes in der Stabschrecken-Evolution [The Phasmatodea Tree of Life: Surprising Facts and Open Questions in the Evolution of Stick and Leaf Insects]. Entomologie Heute, 27, 1–23. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Entomologie-heute_27_0001-0023.pdf

Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brock, P.D. & Coupland, R. (2022) Studying the phasmids of Springbrook Mountain, Binna Burra and surrounds, southeast Queensland. Phasmid Studies, 21, 15–74. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/367341619_Studying_the_phasmids_of_Springbrook_Mountain_Binna_Burra_and_surrounds_southeast_Queensland

Brock, P.D. & Hasenpusch, J.W. (2007) Studies on the Australian stick insects (Phasmida), including a checklist of species and bibliography. Zootaxa, 1570, 1–84. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/287837852_Studies_on_the_Australian_stick_insects_Phasmida_including_a_checklist_of_species_and_bibliography

Brock, P.D. & Hasenpusch, J.W. (2009) In The Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. 204 pp. Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/pid/6012.htm

Brock, P.D. (1998) Catalogue of type-specimens of Stick- and Leaf-Insects in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Insecta: Phasmida). Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien: Vol. 13(5). Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, 72 pp. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/kat-nhmw_13_0003-0072.pdf

Brock, P.D. (1999) In The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, Orpington. Vol. 26, 1–165; 40 pp color plates. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/the-amazing-world-of-stick-and-leaf-insects.html

Brock, P.D., Marshall, J.A., Beccaloni, G.W. & Harman, A.J.E. (2016) The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa, 4179(2), 151–208. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/309585799_The_types_of_Phasmida_in_the_Natural_History_Museum_London_UK

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Campbell, K.G. & Hadlington, P. (1967) The biology of the three species of phasmatids which occur in plague numbers in forests of southeastern Australia. Forestry Commission of New South Wales Research Note, 20, 1–38. Available at http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/390092/The-Biology-of-the-Three-Species-of-Phasmatids-Phasmatodea-which-occur-in-Plague-Numbers-in-Forests-of-Southeastern-Australia.pdf

Campbell, K.G. (1960) Preliminary studies in population estimation of two species of stick insects (Phasmatidae Phasmatodea) occurring in plague numbers in highland forest area of south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 85, 121–141. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34950344/#page/137/mode/1up

Campbell, K.G. (1961) The effects of forest fires on three species of stick insects (Phasmatidae Phasmatodea) occurring in plagues in forest areas of south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 86, 112–121. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34949471#page/118/mode/1up

Campbell, K.G. (1974) Factors limiting the distribution and abundance of the three species of phasmatids (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) which occur in plague numbers in forests of south-eastern Australia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Australia, 8, 3–6.

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Casimer, M. (1956) The Australian phasmids Podacanthus wilkinsoni Macl. and Didymuria violsecens Leach. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society, 15, 87–90, 94–95. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/178987#page/129/mode/1up

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Collett, N. & McCormick, M. (2001) Defoliation by the phasmatid Didymuria violescens (Leach) in Eucalyptus delegatensis and mixed eucalypt forest of north-east Victoria, autumn 2001. Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Forest Service, Report No. 2001/049.

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Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
species	1	0	10	11