SpeciesUnarmed Stick-insect
Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955
Nomenclature (69)
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955: 1151, pl. 47:18-20.
Holotype; female; b69ec2c2-d475-4020-8231-e8861015f302; deposited at: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa - Entomology (MONZ); New Zealand: Okoke, Taranaki
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Wise, 1977: 49.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 1986: 2. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 1987: 131.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Mantovani & Scali, 1987: 141, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Scali & Mazzini, 1987: 160. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Marshall & Haes, 1988: 142, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution; Key
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Sellick, 1988: 280. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Palma, Lovis & Tither, 1989: 44.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 1989: 17. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes, 1990: 31, App. 1, figs. Specimen or distribution; Life history
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes, 1991: 7. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 1991: 44. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla prasina inermis Salmon, 1955 in Salmon, 1991: 64.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 1992: 13, 58.
- Acanthoxyla prasina inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes, 1992: 372.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 1993: 25. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla prasina inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes, 1994: 7. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 1995: 15. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla prasina inermis Salmon, 1955 in Buckley, 1995: 12.
- Acanthoxyla prasina inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes & Harding, 1997: 52. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 1998: 18.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Sellick, 1998: 225. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 1999: 17, 79, pl. 5b.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Marshall, 1999: 136. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla prasina inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes, 1999: 62. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Harman, 2000: 18. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Seiler, Bradler & Koch, 2000: 39, figs.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Marshall, 2001: 336. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Haes, 2002: 45.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Jewell & Brock, 2003: 193.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2003: 61.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Morgan-Richards & Trewick, 2005: 2135.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 39.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Trewick, Goldberg & Morgan-Richards, 2005: 486.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2006: 21.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Trewick, Morgan-Richards & Collins, 2008: 801. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2009: 11, figs on p. 2. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2009: 16.
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Rasplus & Roques, 2010: 812. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2011: 47, figs.. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Barnard, 2011: 65. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Harman, 2012: 13. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2012: 25, figs.. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Buckley, Hitchmough, Rolfe & Stringer, 2014: 2. Ecological data
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2014: 17, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2014: 34, figs. Image or description
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Bradler, 2015: 4, fig. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Sutton, 2015: 50. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2015: 10, figs. Image or description; Ecological data; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock & Jewell, 2015: 13. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2015: 22. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Trewick & Morgan-Richards, 2018: 10, fig. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, Lee, Morgan-Richards & Trewick, 2018: 16, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2018: 23. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Bradler & Buckley, 2018: 282, fig. Image or description
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee & Brock, 2018: 30, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2018: 30, figs. Specimen or distribution; Behavior
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Trewick & Morgan-Richards, 2019: 112. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2020: 36, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2021: 28. Image or description
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock, 2021: 121, figs. Image or description
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: pl. 16.2, 448, 557, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Choi, 2023: 18. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Cubillos Pefaur, 2023: 29. Physiology
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee & Brock, 2024: 15-20. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification; Key
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Lee, 2024: 24-26. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Choi, McCartney, Park, Roberts, Brav-Cubitt, Mitchell & Buckley, 2024: 1. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon, 1955 in Paul, 2026: 105-106, 110. Life zone and ecology data; Specimen or distribution; Image or description; Key; Phylogeny or classification
Nomenclature references (69)
- Salmon, J.T. (1955) The genus Acanthoxyla (Phasmidae). Transactions of the Royal Society, New Zealand, 82(5), 1149–1156, pls. 44–47. Available at http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1954-82.2.14.13
- Wise, K.A.J. (1977) A Synonymic checklist of the Hexapoda of the New Zealand Sub-Region The Smaller Orders. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 11, 49–51 (Phasmatodea section). Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59649785#page/55/mode/1up
- Brock, P.D. (1986) “British” Stick Insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 26, 2.
- Brock, P.D. (1987) A third New Zealand stick insect (Phasmatodea) established in the British Isles, including a correction. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 125–132. [1986] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/350866544_A_third_New_Zealand_stick_insect_Phasmatodea_established_in_the_British_Isles_including_a_correction_In_Mazzini_Scali_Ed_Stick_Insects_Phylogeny_and_reproduction_Proceedings_of_the_1st_International_S
- Mantovani, B. & Scali, V. (1987) The eggs of three Acanthoxyla species. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 141–147. [1986]
- Scali, V. & Mazzini, M. (1987) Ootaxonomy in stick insects. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 157–168. [1986]
- Marshall, J.A. & Haes, E.C.M. (1988) In Grasshoppers and allied insects of Great Britain and Ireland. Harley Books, Colchester. 1–252 pp. Available at http://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/grasshoppers-allied-insects-great-britain-ireland/
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1988) The capitula of phasmid eggs: an update with a review of the current state of phasmid ootaxonomy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 93, 273–282. Available at http://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/93/3/273/2658287?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- Brock, P.D. (1989) Distribution of European and Mediterranean Stick Insects of the genera Bacillus, Clonopsis and Leptynia. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 38, 12–17.
- Palma, R.L., Lovis, P.M. & Tither, C. (1989) An annotated list of primary types of the phyla Arthropoda (except Crustacea) and Tardigrada held in the National Museum of New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series, No. 20, 1–49.
- Haes, E.C.M. (1990) Grasshoppers and Related Insects in Cornwall. In Cornish Biological Records 12. Cornish Biological Records Unit, Redruth. 1–34 pp.
- Brock, P.D. (1991) In Stick-insects of Britain, Europe and the Mediterranean. Fitzgerald Publishing, London. 51 pp.
- Haes, E.C.M. (1991) Orthoptera Recording Scheme. ORTHOPTERA RECORDING SCHEME NEWSLETTER, 18, 1–10.
- Salmon, J.T. (1991) In The stick insects of New Zealand. Reed Books, New Zealand, Auckland. 124 pp.
- Brock, P.D. (1992) New Edition. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 73 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
- Haes, E.C.M. (1992) Grasshoppers and relatives. British Wildlife, 3(6), 371–372.
- Lee, M. (1993) A survey of the distribution of the unarmed stick insect Acanthoxyla inermis in Port Gaverne and Port Isaace, North Cornwall in 1992. Phasmid Studies, 2(1), 25–32. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207248#page/27/mode/1up
- Haes, E.C.M. (1994) Orthoptera Recording Scheme. ORTHOPTERA RECORDING SCHEME NEWSLETTER, 20, 1–7.
- Buckley, T.R. (1995) An allozyme survey of stick insects (Insecta: Phasmida) from the Wellington area [UNPUBLISHED]. PhD thesis. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas-Buckley-4
- Lee, M. (1995) A survey into the distribution of the stick insects of Britain. Phasmid Studies, 4(1), 15–23. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207262#page/17/mode/1up
- Haes, E.C.M. & Harding, P.T. (1997) In Atlas of grasshoppers, crickets and allied insects in Britain and Ireland. The Stationary Office, London. Available at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/7358/1/Grasshoppers.pdf
- Lee, M. (1998) An updated survey of the distribution of the stick insects of Britain. Phasmid Studies, 7(1), 18–25. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207263#page/20/mode/1up
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x
- Brock, P.D. (1999) In The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, Orpington. Vol. 26, 1–165; 40 pp color plates. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/the-amazing-world-of-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
- Haes, E.C.M. (1999) Orthopteroid insects of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly: a revised provisional atlas. CISFBR Occasional Publication, 1, 1–68.
- Marshall, J.A. (1999) Phasmida: the stick-insects. In P.C. Barnard (Ed.). Identifying British Insects and Arachnids. Cambridge University Press. pp. 36–37.
- Harman, A.J.E. (2000) Phasmida in Oceania. Phasmid Studies, 8(1&2), 13–19. [1999] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207390#page/15/mode/1up
- Seiler, C., Bradler, S. & Koch, R. (2000) In Phasmiden Pflege und Zucht von Gespenstschrecken, Stabschrecken und Wandelnden Blattern im Terrarium. bede-Verlag GmbH, Ruhmannsfelden. 144 pp. [in German]
- Marshall, J.A. (2001) Grasshoppers, crickets and allies. In D.L. Hawksworth (Ed.). The changing wildlife of Great Britain and Ireland. Taylor & Francis Ltd, London. pp. 328–339. Available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/changing-wildlife-great-britain-ireland-david-hawksworth/e/10.4324/9780203485033
- Haes, E.C.M. (2002) A menu of phasmid fodder. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society, 61(441), 45–47. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/179312#page/87/mode/1up
- Brock, P.D. (2003) Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. Revised Edition. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 89 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
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- Morgan-Richards, M. & Trewick, S.A. (2005) Hybrid origin of a parthenogenetic genus? MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, 14, 2133–2142. Available at http://evolves.massey.ac.nz/PDFs/Morgan-Richards%20&%20Trewick%202005%20hybird%20sticks.pdf
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Trewick, S.A., Goldberg, J. & Morgan-Richards, M. (2005) Fewer species of Argosarchus and Clitarchus stick insects (Phasmida, Phasmatinae): evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Zoologica Scripta, 34(5), 483–491. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230075595_Fewer_species_of_Argosarchus_and_Clitarchus_stick_insects_Phasmida_Phasmatinae_Evidence_from_nuclear_and_mitochondrial_DNA_sequence_data
- Lee, M. (2006) The Stick-insects of Great Britain, Ireland and the Channel Isles. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 107, 20–27.
- Trewick, S.A., Morgan-Richards, M. & Collins, L.J. (2008) Are you my mother? Phylogenetic analysis reveals orphan hybrid stick insect genus is part of a monophyletic New Zealand clade. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48(3), 799–808. Available at http://evolves.massey.ac.nz/PDFs/Trewick%20et%20al.%202008%20Are%20you%20my%20mother.pdf
- Brock, P.D. (2009) The Unarmed Stick-insect Acanthoxyla inermis in Hampshire. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 119(2, 11).
- Lee, M. (2009) A 2009 update on the UK's Naturalised Stick-insects. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 119(15-20).
- Rasplus, J.-Y. & Roques, A. (2010) Dictyoptera (Blattodea, Isoptera), Orthoptera, Phasmatodea and Dermaptera. Chapter 13.3. In Alien terrestrial arthropods of Europe. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia. . Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 807–831. Available at http://biorisk.pensoft.net/issue/148/
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- Brock, P.D. (2011) In A photographic guide to Insects of the New Forest and surrounding area. Pisces Publications, Newbury. 1–314 pp. Available at http://www.naturebureau.co.uk/a-photographic-guide-to-insects-of-the-new-forest
- Harman, A.J.E. (2012) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Two: PSG No. 51 - PSG No. 100. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 127, 12–15.
- Lee, M. (2012) The Distribution of the UK’s Naturalised Stick-insects – 2012 Update. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 129, 25–31.
- Brock, P.D. (2014) Alien Phasmids Spreading on the Isles of Scilly. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 133, 15–18, figs.
- Brock, P.D. (2014) In A comprehensive guide to insects of Britain & Ireland. Pisces Publications, Newbury. Available at http://www.naturebureau.co.uk/a-comprehensive-guide-to-insects-of-britain-ireland-new-and-revised-edition
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- Bradler, S. (2015) Der Phasmatodea Tree of Life: Überraschendes und Ungeklärtes in der Stabschrecken-Evolution [The Phasmatodea Tree of Life: Surprising Facts and Open Questions in the Evolution of Stick and Leaf Insects]. Entomologie Heute, 27, 1–23. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Entomologie-heute_27_0001-0023.pdf
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- Lee, M. (2015) The UK and Ireland’s Stick Insects and Their 2015 Distribution. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 135, 19–23.
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- Lee, M. (2020) A Phasmid Search in Cornwall July 2019. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 144, 36–40.
- Brock, P.D. (2021) Britain's Insects: A Field Guide to the Insects of Great Britain and Ireland. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Woodstock. Available at http://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691179278/britains-insects
- Lee, M. (2021) Updated Naturalised Phasmid Report with Distribution at the end of 2020. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 146, 25–31.
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- Choi, S.-S. (2023) Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the New Zealand endemic stick insect genus Acanthoxyla [UNPUBLISHED THESIS]. PhD thesis. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Available at https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/64031
- Cubillos Pefaur, C.A. (2023) Evolutionary physiology of New Zealand stick insects [UNPUBLISHED THESIS]. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. PhD thesis.
- Lee, M. & Brock, P.D. (2024) A Second Male Acanthoxyla found in the UK. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 152, 15–20. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380971132_A_Second_Male_Acanthoxyla_found_in_the_UK
- Lee, M. (2024) The distribution of the UK, Ireland, and the Channel Islands’ naturalised phasmids at 31st December 2023. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 152, 22–27. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381010728_The_distribution_of_the_UK_Ireland_and_the_Channel_Islands'_naturalised_phasmids_at_31_st_December_2023_by_Malcolm_Lee
- Choi, S.-S., McCartney, A., Park, D., Roberts, H., Brav-Cubitt, T., Mitchell, C. & Buckley, T.R. (2024) Multiple hybridization events and repeated evolution of homoeologue expression bias in parthenogenetic, polyploid New Zealand stick insects. Molecular Ecology, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17422
- Paul, J. (2026) British Orthoptera and Allied Insects. RES Insect Identification Handbooks. CABI, Wallingford, 166 pp.
Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Taxon | Valid names | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Extant | Fossil | Invalid | Total | |
| Species | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |