- Root
- Animalia
- Polyneoptera
- Orthopterida
- Phasmida
- Euphasmatodea
- Phasmatidae
- Phasmatinae
- Acanthoxylini
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944
genus
Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944
![copyright Paul D. Brock. female Acanthoxyla prasina [type species], in nature on Rubus sp. New Zealand: Otaihanga, 12 February 2015. Depicts Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944, an Otu.](https://sfg.taxonworks.org/api/v1/images/1020081/scale_to_box/0/0/3264/4928/3264/4928?project_token=RijJjUChacO20MdXjGvfcA)
Type
Acanthoderus prasinus Westwood, 1859 type species by original designation of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944
Nomenclature (51)
- Acanthoderus Hutton, 1899: 56. (nomen nudum; homonym)
type species by subsequent designation Acanthoderus prasinus Westwood, 1859 in Kirby, 1904
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904: 340. (nomen nudum; homonym)
type species by original designation Acanthoderus prasinus Westwood, 1859
- ... Show all ... (47)
- Acanthoderus Hutton, 1899 (objective synonym of Macracantha Kirby, 1904) in Kirby, 1904: 340.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (nomen novum for Acanthoderus Hutton, 1899)
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 in Kirby, 1910: 197. Specimen or distribution
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 in Karny, 1923: 236.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 in Günther, 1932: 756.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944: 95.
type species by original designation Acanthoderus prasinus Westwood, 1859
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Uvarov, 1944: 95.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 (nomen novum for Macracantha Kirby, 1904)
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Salmon, 1955: 1149.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Salmon, 1955: 1189.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Salmon, 1955: 78.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Salmon, 1970: 70.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 192.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 192.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Bedford, 1978: 130.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Sellick, 1979: 327. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Grimwade, 1982: 86. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Sellick, 1987: 137, fig. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Salmon, 1991: 57.
- Acanthoderus Hutton, 1899 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Salmon, 1991: 57.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Salmon, 1991: 57.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Brock, 1991: 12.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Sellick, 1997: 118. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification; Key
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Brock, 1999: 77.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Harman, 2000: 17. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Bragg, 2001: 628.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Bragg, 2001: 625.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Jewell & Brock, 2003: 192.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Zompro, 2004: 304.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Zompro, 2004: 313.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Trewick & Morgan-Richards, 2005: 11.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Morgan-Richards & Trewick, 2005: 2133.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 38.
- Acanthoderus Hutton, 1899 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 38.
- Macracantha Kirby, 1904 (objective synonym of Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 38.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Trewick, Goldberg & Morgan-Richards, 2005: 484.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 37.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Buckley, Attanayake, Park, Ravindran, Jewell & Normark, 2008: 335.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Trewick, Morgan-Richards & Collins, 2008: 799. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Yeates & Buckley, 2009: 35.
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Myers, Trewick & Morgan-Richards, 2012: 1. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Trewick & Morgan-Richards, 2014: 113. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Dennis, Dunning, Sinclair & Buckley, 2015: 3. Behavior
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Brock & Jewell, 2015: 13. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Brock, Lee, Morgan-Richards & Trewick, 2018: 16. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Brock, 2021: 120. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 557. Specimen or distribution
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Choi, 2023: 16. Phylogeny or classification
- Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 in Choi, McCartney, Park, Roberts, Brav-Cubitt, Mitchell & Buckley, 2024: 1. Phylogeny or classification
Nomenclature references (40)
- Bedford, G.O. (1978) Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea. Annual Review of Entomology, 23, 125–149. Available at http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.en.23.010178.001013
- Bradley, J.C. & Galil, B.S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 79(2), 176–208. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16301624#page/194/mode/1up
- ... Show all ... (36)
- Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- Brock, P.D. & Jewell, T. (2015) An Updated Checklist of New Zealand Phasmids. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 134, 13–14. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/350099309_An_Updated_Checklist_of_New_Zealand_Phasmids
- Brock, P.D. (1991) In Stick-insects of Britain, Europe and the Mediterranean. Fitzgerald Publishing, London. 51 pp.
- Brock, P.D. (1999) In The amazing world of stick and leaf-insects. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, Orpington. Vol. 26, 1–165; 40 pp color plates. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/the-amazing-world-of-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
- Brock, P.D. (2021) Britain's Insects: A Field Guide to the Insects of Great Britain and Ireland. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Woodstock. Available at http://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691179278/britains-insects
- Brock, P.D., Lee, M., Morgan-Richards, M. & Trewick, S.A. (2018) Missing stickman found: the first male of the parthenogenetic New Zealand phasmid genus Acanthoxyla Uvarov, 1944 discovered in the United Kingdom. Atropos, 60, 16–23. [2017] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/322499331_Missing_stickman_found_the_first_male_of_the_parthenogenetic_New_Zealand_phasmid_genus_Acanthoxyla_Uvarov_1944_discovered_in_the_United_Kingdom
- Buckley, T.R., Attanayake, D., Park, D., Ravindran, S., Jewell, T. & Normark, B.B. (2008) Investigating hybridization in the parthenogenetic New Zealand stick insect Acanthoxyla (Phasmatodea) using single-copy nuclear loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 335–349. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Thomas_Buckley3
- Choi, S.-S. (2023) Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the New Zealand endemic stick insect genus Acanthoxyla [UNPUBLISHED THESIS]. PhD thesis. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Available at https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/64031
- Choi, S.-S., McCartney, A., Park, D., Roberts, H., Brav-Cubitt, T., Mitchell, C. & Buckley, T.R. (2024) Multiple hybridization events and repeated evolution of homoeologue expression bias in parthenogenetic, polyploid New Zealand stick insects. Molecular Ecology, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17422
- Dennis, A.B., Dunning, L.T., Sinclair, B.J. & Buckley, T.R. (2015) Parallel molecular routes to cold adaptation in eight genera of New Zealand stick insects. Scientific Reports, 5(13965), 1–13. Available at http://www.nature.com/articles/srep13965
- Grimwade, D. (1982) Notes on Acanthoxyla, the New Zealand "Spiny sticks", in the wild and now in culture. AES Exotic Entomology Group, 1982, 86–96.
- Günther, K. (1932) Beiträge zur Systematik und Geschichte der Phasmoidenfauna Ozeaniens. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 17, 753–835. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mmnz.19310170602
- Harman, A.J.E. (2000) Phasmida in Oceania. Phasmid Studies, 8(1&2), 13–19. [1999] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207390#page/15/mode/1up
- Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2008) Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906, 1–316. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frank_Hennemann
- Hutton, F.W. (1899) Revision of the New Zealand Phasmidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Wellington, 31, 50–59. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3326951#page/80/mode/1up
- Jewell, T. & Brock, P.D. (2003) A review of New Zealand stick insects: new genera and synonymy, keys and a catalogue. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 11(2), 189–197. [2002] Available at http://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-orthoptera-research/volume-11/issue-2/1082-6467(2002)011[0189:AROTNZ]2.0.CO;2/A-review-of-the-New-Zealand-stick-insects--new/10.1665/1082-6467(2002)011[0189:AROTNZ]2.0.CO;2.full
- Karny, H.H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Hortus Botanicus Bogoriensis, Java (Treubia), 3(2), 230–242. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110723#page/310/mode/1up
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661
- Kirby, W.F. (1910) An undetermined species of stick-Insect found in Devonshire. The Zoologist, 14, 197–198. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127240#page/243/mode/1up
- Morgan-Richards, M. & Trewick, S.A. (2005) Hybrid origin of a parthenogenetic genus? MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, 14, 2133–2142. Available at http://evolves.massey.ac.nz/PDFs/Morgan-Richards%20&%20Trewick%202005%20hybird%20sticks.pdf
- Myers, S., Trewick, S.A. & Morgan-Richards, M. (2012) Multiple lines of evidence suggest mosaic polyploidy in the hybrid parthenogenetic stick insect lineage Acanthoxyla. Insect Conservation and Diversity, doi: 10.1111/icad.12, 1–12. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/icad.12008
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Salmon, J.T. (1955) Parthenogenesis in New Zealand Stick Insects. Transactions of the Royal Society, New Zealand, 82(5), 1189–1192. Available at http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1954-82.2.14.16
- Salmon, J.T. (1955) Stick insects. Tuatara, 5, 77–81. Available at http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio05Tuat03-t1-body-d1.html
- Salmon, J.T. (1955) The genus Acanthoxyla (Phasmidae). Transactions of the Royal Society, New Zealand, 82(5), 1149–1156, pls. 44–47. Available at http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1954-82.2.14.13
- Salmon, J.T. (1970) Phasmidae of New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist, 4(3), 70–71. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00779962.1970.9722923
- Salmon, J.T. (1991) In The stick insects of New Zealand. Reed Books, New Zealand, Auckland. 124 pp.
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1979) A key to the eggs of stick and leaf insects (Phasmida). Systematic Entomology, 4, 325–331. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1979.tb00617.x
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1987) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmatodea, and its taxonomic significance. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 133–139. [1986]
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1997) Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology, 22, 97–122. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1997.d01-30.x
- Trewick, S.A. & Morgan-Richards, M. (2005) New Zealand wild stick insects. In Reed Children's Books. Reed Children's Books, a division of Reed Publishing (NZ) Ltd. 1–33 pp. Available at http://evolves.massey.ac.nz/Text%20Files/Stick%20insect%20eggs.htm
- Trewick, S.A. & Morgan-Richards, M. (2014) In NZ Wildlife. Introducing the weird and wonderful character of natural New Zealand. Penguin Books. 105–122 pp. Available at http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/NZ_Wild_Life.html?id=OwS5oAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
- Trewick, S.A., Goldberg, J. & Morgan-Richards, M. (2005) Fewer species of Argosarchus and Clitarchus stick insects (Phasmida, Phasmatinae): evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Zoologica Scripta, 34(5), 483–491. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230075595_Fewer_species_of_Argosarchus_and_Clitarchus_stick_insects_Phasmida_Phasmatinae_Evidence_from_nuclear_and_mitochondrial_DNA_sequence_data
- Trewick, S.A., Morgan-Richards, M. & Collins, L.J. (2008) Are you my mother? Phylogenetic analysis reveals orphan hybrid stick insect genus is part of a monophyletic New Zealand clade. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48(3), 799–808. Available at http://evolves.massey.ac.nz/PDFs/Trewick%20et%20al.%202008%20Are%20you%20my%20mother.pdf
- Uvarov, B.P. (1944) A New Zealand Phasmid (Orthoptera) established in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 13, 94–96. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1944.tb00795.x
- Yeates, G.W. & Buckley, T.R. (2009) First records of mermithid nematodes (Nematoda: Mermithidae) parasitising stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 36(1), 35–39. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014220909510137
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Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Total | Valid | Invalid |
| genus | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| species | 30 | 3 | 27 |