- Root
- Animalia
- Neoptera
- Polyneoptera
- Orthopterida
- Phasmida
- Timematodea
- Timematidae
- Timematinae
- Timematini
- Timema
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903
species
Timema californicum Scudder, 1903
California Timema
Nomenclature (42)
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Scudder, 1895: 30. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Caudell, 1903: 315. Phylogeny or classification
- ... Show all ... (38)
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Caudell, 1903: 883, pl. 57:5, 58:7-7a. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Lectotype; male; b90110a4-b8c6-451c-adc4-82e45618a3f4; deposited at: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP); United States: California; Santa Cruz Mountains
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Kirby, 1904: 401. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Redtenbacher, 1906: 88. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Caudell, 1913: 613. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Hebard, 1920: 127, fig. 1. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Essig, 1926: 108. Image or description
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Henry, 1937: 137. Life history
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Hebard, 1937: 349. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Tinkham, 1942: 74, pl. 14:6. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Gurney, 1947: 373. Specimen or distribution
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Strohecker, 1951: 172. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Helfer, 1963: 20, figs. 25-26. Image or description
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Gustafson, 1966: 59. Life history
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Kristensen, 1975: 21. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Weissman & Rentz, 1977: 112. Specimen or distribution
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Bedford, 1978: 27. Life history
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Otte, 1978: 79. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Vanschuytbroeck & Cools, 1981: 19. Specimen or distribution
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Arnett, 1985: 115. Image or description
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Carlberg, 1986: 6. Specimen or distribution
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Helfer, 1987: 20, fig.. Image or description
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Brock, 1992: 62. Image or description
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Vickery, 1993: 663, figs. 8, 18, 28, 38. Phylogeny or classification; Image or description
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Otte, 1997: 638. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Sandoval, Carmean & Crespi, 1998: 589. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Sokoloff, 2002: 239. Life history
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Zompro, 2004: 23. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 332. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Arment, 2006: 37. Image or description
- Timema californica Scudder, 1903 in Evans, 2007: 106, fig. Image or description
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Schwander & Crespi, 2008: 3. Behavior
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Kômoto, Yukuhiro, Ueda & Tomita, 2011: 45. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Schwander, Arbuthnott, Gries, Gries, Nosil & Crespi, 2013: 2. Behavior
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Larose & Schwander, 2016: 5447. Life history
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Riesch, Muschick, Lindtke, Villoutreix, Comeault, Farkas, Lucek, Hellen, Soria-Carrasco, Dennis, Carvalho, Safran, Sandoval, Feder, Gries, Crespi, Gries, Gompert & Nosil, 2017: 6. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Büscher, Grohmann, Bradler & Gorb, 2019: 6. Structure
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 240, 571, fig. Specimen or distribution
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Chaturvedi, Gompert, Feder, Osborne, Muschick, Soria-Carrasco & Nosil, 2022: 7. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Parker, Jaron, Dumas, Robinson-Rechavi & Schwander, 2022: 3. Phylogeny or classification
- Timema californicum Scudder, 1903 in Luna, 2022: 94. Specimen or distribution
Nomenclature references (42)
- Arment, C. (2006) Stick Insects of the Continental United States and Canada: species and early studies. Coachwhip Publications, Landisville, Pennsylvania, 202 pp. Available at http://books.google.com/books?id=3MSJUzU76YgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Stick+Insects+of+the+Continental+United+States+And+Canada
- Arnett, R.H. (1985) In American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. First edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
- ... Show all ... (38)
- Bedford, G.O. (1978) Biology and ecology of the Phasmatodea. Annual Review of Entomology, 23, 125–149. Available at http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.en.23.010178.001013
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- Brock, P.D. (1992) New Edition. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 73 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
- Büscher, T., Grohmann, C., Bradler, S. & Gorb, S. (2019) Tarsal attachment pads in Phasmatodea (Hexapoda: Insecta). Zoologica. Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie, 164, 1–94. Available at http://https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510550517/Zoologica_Vol_164
- Carlberg, U. (1986) Phasmida - A biological review. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 216(1/2), 1–18.
- Caudell, A.N. (1903) Note on Phasmidae. Entomological News, 14, 314–316. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/79282#page/358/mode/1up
- Caudell, A.N. (1903) The Phasmidae, or Walkingsticks, of the United States. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26, 863–885, pl. 56–59. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7612119#page/993/mode/1up
- Caudell, A.N. (1913) Notes on Nearctic Orthopterous insects 1. Nonsaltatorial forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44, 595–614. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53514#page/759/mode/1up
- Chaturvedi, S., Gompert, Z., Feder, J.L., Osborne, O.G., Muschick, M., Soria-Carrasco, V. & Nosil, P. (2022) Climatic similarity and genomic background shape the extent of parallel adaptation in Timema stick insects. Nature Ecology and Evolution, doi.org/10.1038/s415, 1–23. Available at http://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01909-6
- Essig, E.O. (1926) In Insects of western North America. Macmillan. 1–1035 pp.
- Evans, A.V. (2007) In National Wildlife Federation field guide to insects and spiders of North America. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, New York. 1–497 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/national-wildlife-federation-field-guide-to-insects-and-spiders-related-species-of-north-america-book
- Gurney, A.B. (1947) Notes on some remarkable Australasian walkingsticks, including a synopsis of the genus Extatosoma (Orthoptera: Phasmatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 40, 373–396. Available at http://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-abstract/40/3/373/18697
- Gustafson, J.F. (1966) Biological observations on Timema californica (Phasmoidea: Phasmidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 59(1), 59–61. Available at http://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-abstract/59/1/59/99517?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- Hebard, M. (1920) The genus Timema Scudder, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera, Phasmidae, Timeminae). Entomological News, 31(5), 126–132. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20198#page/154/mode/1up
- Hebard, M. (1937) Studies in Orthoptera which occur in North America, north of the Mexican boundary. VII. Notes and a new species of Timema, and a new race of Diapheromera velii, (Phasmidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 63, 347–354. Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/25077399?refreqid=excelsior%3A6f97682b1c6b5e32236832ad91d43464&seq=1
- Helfer, J.R. (1963) In How to know the grasshoppers, cockroaches, and their allies. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa, USA. 1–354 pp.
- Helfer, J.R. (1987) In How to know the grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches and their allies. Dover Publications Inc., Toronto. 1–364 pp.
- Henry, L.M. (1937) Biological notes on Timema californica Scudder. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 13(3), 137–141. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53411650#page/141/mode/1up
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661
- Kristensen, N.P. (1975) The phylogeny of hexapod 'orders'. A critical review of recent accounts. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 13, 1–44. Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0748300700901476
- Kômoto, N., Yukuhiro, K., Ueda, K. & Tomita, S. (2011) Exploring the molecular phylogeny of phasmids with whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 58(1), 43–52. Available at http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21029786/
- Larose, C. & Schwander, T. (2016) Nematode endoparasites do not codiversify with their stick insect hosts. Ecology and Evolution, 6(15), 5446–5458. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/305152304_Nematode_endoparasites_do_not_codiversify_with_their_stick_insect_hosts
- Luna, M.de (2022) Checklist of stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea) of North America, with three new records for Nuevo León, México. Phasmid Studies, 21, 90–105. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/367348159_Checklist_of_stick_insects_Insecta_Phasmatodea_of_North_America_with_three_new_records_for_Nuevo_Leon_Mexico
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Otte, D. (1978) The primary types of Orthoptera (Saltatoria, Mantodea, Phasmatodea and Blattodea) at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 130, 26–87. [Blattodea: p.79-87] Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064777?seq=1
- Otte, D. (1997) Phasmatodea. In R.W. Poole & P. Gentili (Eds.). Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A check list of the insects of North America. Volume 4 Non-holometabolous orders. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland. pp. 635–639. Available at http://bioquipinc.com/catalog/books/nomina-insecta-nearctica/
- Parker, D.J., Jaron, K.S., Dumas, Z., Robinson-Rechavi, M. & Schwander, T. (2022) X chromosomes show relaxed selection and complete somatic dosage compensation across Timema stick insect species. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 35, 1734–1750. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/362548820_X_chromosomes_show_relaxed_selection_and_complete_somatic_dosage_compensation_across_Timema_stick_insect_species
- Redtenbacher, J. (1906) Phasmidae Areolatae. In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Vol. 1, 1–180, pls 1–6. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmidenVol.1
- Riesch, R., Muschick, M., Lindtke, D., Villoutreix, R., Comeault, A.A., Farkas, T.E., Lucek, K., Hellen, E., Soria-Carrasco, V., Dennis, S.R., Carvalho, C.F.de, Safran, R.J., Sandoval, C.P., Feder, J.L., Gries, R., Crespi, B.J., Gries, G., Gompert, Z. & Nosil, P. (2017) Transitions between phases of genomic differentiation during stick-insect speciation. Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1(0082), 1–13. Available at http://nosil-lab.group.shef.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/RieschetalNatureEE2017.pdf
- Sandoval, C.P., Carmean, D.A. & Crespi, B.J. (1998) Molecular phylogenetics of sexual and parthenogenetic Timema walking-sticks. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 265, 589–595. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689018/pdf/02426XFJ81HBTD24_265_589.pdf
- Schwander, T. & Crespi, B.J. (2008) Multiple direct transitions from sexual reproduction to apomictic parthenogenesis in Timema stick insects. Evolution, 63(1), 84–103. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/23268801_Multiple_direct_transitions_from_sexual_to_apomictic_parthenogenesis_in_Timema_stick_insects
- Schwander, T., Arbuthnott, D., Gries, R., Gries, G., Nosil, P. & Crespi, B.J. (2013) Hydrocarbon divergence and reproductive isolation in Timema stick insects. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13(151), 1–13. Available at http://nosil-lab.group.shef.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/SchwanderetalBMCEvolBiol2013.pdf
- Scudder, S.H. (1895) Summary of the U. S. Phasmidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 27(2), 29–30. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3044954#page/43/mode/1up
- Sokoloff, A. (2002) Biological information on a northern California walking stick. Tribolium Information Bulletin, 42, 239–253.
- Strohecker, H.F. (1951) Three new species of North American Orthoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 44(2), 169–172. Available at http://academic.oup.com/aesa/issue/44/2
- Tinkham, E.R. (1942) A new californian species of Timema (Phasmodea: Timemidae) with zoogeographical notes. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 41(2), 72–79. pl. 14. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106670#page/266/mode/1up
- Vanschuytbroeck, P. & Cools, J. (1981) Catalogue et liste du material typique des Phasmatodea conserve dans les collections Entomologiques de l´Institut Royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Orthopteroidea: Phasmatodea Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902 (=Cheleutoptera Crompton, 1915). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 53(23), 1–26. Available at http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletins-de-linstitut-royal-des-sciences-naturelles-de-belgique-entomologie/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-entomology/vanschuytbroeck_catalogue_1981
- Vickery, V.R. (1993) Revision of Timema Scudder (Phasmatodea: Timematodea) including three new species. The Canadian Entomologist, 125, 657–692. Available at http://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/revision-of-timema-scudder-phasmatoptera-timematodea-including-three-new-species/0C3168FCF39F4ABC87A01D0586D1A4A6
- Weissman, D.B. & Rentz, D.C.F. (1977) The Orthoptera of Stanford University's Jasper Ridge and neighboring Palo Alto, California. Wasman Journal of Biology, 35, 87–114. Available at http://digitalcollections.usfca.edu/digital/collection/p15129coll11/id/717
- Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, Germany, 327 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313233330_Revision_of_the_genera_of_the_Areolatae_including_the_status_of_Timema_and_Agathemera_Insecta_Phasmatodea
Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Taxon | Valid names | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Extant | Fossil | Invalid | Total | |
| species | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |