species
Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859)
Small Red Winged Stick-insect
Nomenclature (48)
- Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859: 101, pl. 34:3. (valid)
Lectotype; female; NHMUK(SF IMPORT DUPLICATE) 844823; deposited at: Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); Singapore
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Kirby, 1904: 433.
- ... Show all ... (44)
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Kirby, 1904: 360.
- Candaules rex Redtenbacher, 1908: 530.
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908: 487.
Lectotype; male; NMW 932; deposited at: Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (NMW); Deli
- Chersaeus struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Redtenbacher, 1908: 530.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, Brock & Seow-En, 1994: 8.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, Seow-En & Seow-An, 1994: 94, fig..
- Candaules rex Redtenbacher, 1908 (synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1995: 92.
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1995: 92.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1995: 92.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Hennemann, Conle & Bruckner, 1996: 154.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Tay & Seow-Choen, 1996: 181.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, Seow-En & Seow-An, 1996: 45, fig..
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1997: 101, figs..
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1998: 51.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Sellick, 1998: 212. Phylogeny or classification
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1998: 7, fig..
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1998: 88.
- Phaenopharos struthioneusumnst [sic] Westwood, 1859 in Seow-Choen, 1999: 75.
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1999: 178.
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Hennemann & Conle, 1999: 11.
- Phaenopharos struthioneusumnst [sic] Westwood, 1859 (misspelling of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1999: 75.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1999: 106, figs., 178.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1999: 299, pl. 6d.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seiler, Bradler & Koch, 2000: 102, figs.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2000: 28, pl. 70.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Baxter, 2002: 13.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 2003: 51.
- Candaules rex Redtenbacher, 1908 (synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 261.
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 261.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2005: 64.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 261.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Delfosse, 2008: 22, figs.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Delfosse, 2008: 524.
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Harman, 2013: 3. Specimen or distribution
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 197. Phylogeny or classification; Specimen or distribution
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2017: 68. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Candaules rex Redtenbacher, 1908 (synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2018: 316. Phylogeny or classification
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2018: 316. Phylogeny or classification
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Rabihah, Lailatul-Nadhirah & Azman, 2018: 4. Specimen or distribution
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2018: 316, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Zeng, O'Malley, Singhal, Rahim, Park, Chen & Dudley, 2020: 7, fig. Phylogeny or classification
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2020: 395. Specimen or distribution
- Candaules rex Redtenbacher, 1908 (synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2021: 547. Phylogeny or classification
- Diardia praestans Redtenbacher, 1908 (subjective synonym of Lopaphus struthioneus Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2021: 547. Phylogeny or classification
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2021: 547, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 392, 542, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution
Nomenclature references (36)
- Baxter, R.N. (2002) Rearing Stick and Leaf Insects. Chudleigh Publishing, Ilford, 103 pp. Available at http://www.pemberleybooks.com/product/rearing-stick-and-leaf-insects/5624/
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- ... Show all ... (32)
- Brock, P.D. (1995) Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 49(2), 83–102. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/348052167_Catalogue_of_Stick_and_Leaf-Insects_Insecta_Phasmida_associated_with_Peninsular_Malaysia_and_Singapore_Malaysian_Naturalist_49283-102
- Brock, P.D. (1998) Catalogue of type-specimens of Stick- and Leaf-Insects in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Insecta: Phasmida). Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien: Vol. 13(5). Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, 72 pp. Available at http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/kat-nhmw_13_0003-0072.pdf
- Brock, P.D. (1999) Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 223 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/stick-and-leaf-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore-book
- Brock, P.D. (2003) Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. Revised Edition. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 89 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html
- Brock, P.D., Marshall, J.A., Beccaloni, G.W. & Harman, A.J.E. (2016) The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa, 4179(2), 151–208. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/309585799_The_types_of_Phasmida_in_the_Natural_History_Museum_London_UK
- Delfosse, E. (2008) Clé de détermination pour la reconnaissance des oeufs des Phasmes asiatiques du genre Phaenopharos Kirby, 1904 (Phasmatodea, Diapheromeridae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 113(4), 524. Available at http://www.persee.fr/doc/bsef_0037-928x_2008_num_113_4_3055?q=Phasmatodea
- Delfosse, E. (2008) Taxinomie, biogéographie et biologie de trois espèces de Phasmes asiatiques du genre Phaenopharos Kirby, 1904 (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae). Arthropoda, 34, 21–46.
- Harman, A.J.E. (2013) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Five: PSG No.201 - PSG No. 250. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 130, 13–15. Available at http://phasmidstudygroup.org/files/PSG_Newsletters/Newsletter_130.pdf
- Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (1999) Typenmaterial im Naturhistorischen Museum Basel. Entomologica Basiliensia, 21, 5–12. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468765_Typenmaterial_der_Phasmatodea_im_Naturhistorischen_Museum_Basel
- Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Bruckner, M. (1996) Phaenopharos herwaardeni n. sp - eine neue Phasmide aus Thailand und die Beschreibung der Eier von Phaenopharos struthioneus (Westwood 1859) (Phasmatodea: Phasmidae: Necrosciinae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 106(4), 153–159.
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) Notes on Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, with descriptions of new species. - No. II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)13, 429–449. Available at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930408562475
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Rabihah, I., Lailatul-Nadhirah, A. & Azman, S. (2018) The diversity of stick insects (phasmatodea) on Gunung Jerai, Kedah. 1940(020053), 1–6. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/324236928_The_diversity_of_stick_insects_phasmatodea_on_Gunung_Jerai_Kedah
- Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. III. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 339–589, pls 16–27. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Iii.PhasmidaeAnareolatae
- Seiler, C., Bradler, S. & Koch, R. (2000) In Phasmiden Pflege und Zucht von Gespenstschrecken, Stabschrecken und Wandelnden Blattern im Terrarium. bede-Verlag GmbH, Ruhmannsfelden. 144 pp. [in German]
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x
- Seow-Choen, F. (1997) A guide to the stick and leaf insects of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (1998) Crown and jewels of the forest: A study of phasmid heads. Singapore Scientist, 84, 6–9. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (1998) List of stick-insects (Phasmida) in the collection of the Centre for Insect Systematics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Serangga, 3(1), 87–92. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (1999) Stick and leaf insect (Phasmida: Insecta) biodiversity in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens´ Bulletin, Singapore, 49(2), 297–312. [1997] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43613590#page/317/mode/1up
- Seow-Choen, F. (1999) The Phasmida. In C. Briffett & H.H. Chew (Eds.). State of the natural environment in Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore. pp. 68–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (2000) An Illustrated Guide to the Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 173 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (2005) Phasmids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 120 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-pocket-guide-phasmids-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2017) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 163 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/taxonomic-guide-stick-insects-singapore/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2018) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra: Vol. I. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 703 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-sumatra-vol-1/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2020) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra: Vol. II. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 402 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/books/animals/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2021) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Peninsular Malaysia: Vol. I. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 944 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia/
- Seow-Choen, F., Brock, P.D. & Seow-En, I. (1994) An introduction to the Stick and Leaf-insects of Singapore. Malaysian Naturalist, 48(1), 7–11. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F., Seow-En, I. & Seow-An, S. (1994) Nature´s mimics. Nature Malaysiana, 19(3), 89–96. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F., Seow-En, I. & Seow-An, S. (1996) Colour in stick & leaf insects. Nature Malaysiana, 21(2), 40–47. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Tay, E.P. & Seow-Choen, F. (1996) Relationship of Plant families and stick-insects in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. In I.M. Turner, C.H. Diong, S.S.L. Lim, & P.K.L. Ng (Eds.). Biodiversity and the Dynamics of Ecosystems. DIWPA Series. Vol. 1, pp. 177–186. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp, 48 pl. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofortho00brituoft
- Zeng, Y., O'Malley, C., Singhal, S., Rahim, F., Park, S., Chen, Z. & Dudley, R. (2020) A Tale of Winglets: Evolution of Flight Morphology in Stick Insects. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8(121), 1–15. Available at http://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/5568/stick-insect-research-in-the-era-of-genomics-exploring-the-evolution-of-a-mesodiverse-insect-order#articles
Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Taxon | Valid names | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Extant | Fossil | Invalid | Total | |
| species | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | |