- Root
- Animalia
- Polyneoptera
- Orthopterida
- Phasmida
- Euphasmatodea
- Lonchodidae
- Lonchodinae
- Lonchodini
- Carausius Stål, 1875
genus
Carausius Stål, 1875
Type
Carausius strumosus Stål, 1875 type species by subsequent designation of Carausius Stål, 1875
Nomenclature (54)
- Carausius Stål, 1875: 8.
type species by subsequent designation Carausius strumosus Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904
- Dixippus Stål, 1875: 9, 66.
type species by subsequent designation Phasma (Bacteria) crawangense Haan, 1842 in Rehn, 1904
- ... Show all ... (50)
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904: 42.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Rehn, 1904: 41.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Kirby, 1904: 320.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Lonchodes Gray, 1835) in Kirby, 1904: 321.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 264.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 278.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Caudell, 1909: 111. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Pantel, 1917: 280.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Phasgania Kirby, 1896) in Karny, 1923: 236.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Günther, 1929: 615.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Wu, 1935: 49.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Cappe de Baillon, Favrelle & Vichêt, 1938: 168.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 181.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Bradley & Galil, 1977: 181.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1979: 327. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Vickery, 1983: 4.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1987: 138. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Hausleithner, 1990: 393.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bragg, 1992: 129.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Bragg, 1992: 129.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brock, 1995: 85.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Sellick, 1997: 104, 119. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Balderson, Rentz & Roach, 1998: 363.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Herwaarden, 1998: 75.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brock, 1999: 28, 168.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Cliquennois, 1999: 52. Specimen or distribution
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bragg, 2001: 415, 630.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Bragg, 2001: 624.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2004: 307.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Zompro, 2004: 309.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 82.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 82.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 76.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 76.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 9.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 (subjective synonym of Carausius Stål, 1875) in Hennemann, Conle & Zhang, 2008: 9.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Chen & He, 2008: 57.
- Dixippus Stål, 1875 in Chen & He, 2008: 61.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Xu, 2008: 17. Specimen or distribution
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Mandal & Yadav, 2010: 34. Image or description
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Parikh, 2010: 51.
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Harman, 2012: 14. Specimen or distribution
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Bidau, Taffarel & Castillo, 2016: 30. Behavior
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Ho, 2017: 44. Phylogeny or classification; Key
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2017: 103. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2017: 137. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2018: 458. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2020: 11. Phylogeny or classification; Key
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Ho, 2021: 12. Phylogeny or classification
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2021: 25. Key
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 524. Specimen or distribution
- Carausius Stål, 1875 in Seow-Choen, 2023: 8-11. Phylogeny or classification; Key
Nomenclature references (44)
- Balderson, J., Rentz, D.C.F. & Roach, A.M.E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In W.W.K. Houston & A. Wells (Eds.). Zoological Catalog of Australia. Vol. 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. pp. 347–376, 451–456.
- Bidau, C.J., Taffarel, A. & Castillo, E.R. (2016) Breaking the rule: multiple patterns of scaling of sexual size dimorphism with body size in orthopteroid insects. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 75(1-2), 11–36. [2015] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/304497290_Breaking_the_rule_multiple_patterns_of_scaling_of_sexual_size_dimorphism_with_body_size_in_orthopteroid_insects
- ... Show all ... (40)
- Bradley, J.C. & Galil, B.S. (1977) The taxonomic arrangement of the Phasmatodea with keys to the subfamilies and tribes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 79(2), 176–208. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16301624#page/194/mode/1up
- Bragg, P.E. (1992) The Phasmid Phenacephorus spinulosus (Hausleithner) from Borneo, including a description of the female. Entomologist’s monthly Magazine, 128, 185–192.
- Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- Brock, P.D. (1995) Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 49(2), 83–102. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/348052167_Catalogue_of_Stick_and_Leaf-Insects_Insecta_Phasmida_associated_with_Peninsular_Malaysia_and_Singapore_Malaysian_Naturalist_49283-102
- Brock, P.D. (1999) Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 223 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/stick-and-leaf-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore-book
- Brunner von Wattenwyl, K.F. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini
- Cappe de Baillon, P., Favrelle, M. & Vichêt, G.de (1938) Parthénogenèse et variation chez les phasmes. IV. Discussion des faits. Conclusions. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique, 72, 167–212.
- Caudell, A.N. (1909) Miscellaneous notes on Orthoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, Washington, 11, 111–114. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20213#page/145/mode/1up
- Chen, S.C. & He, Y.H. (2008) Phasmatodea of China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 476 pp. [in Chinese] Available at http://www.nhbs.com/phasmatodea-of-china-chinese-book
- Cliquennois, N. (1999) Phasmids of Bangladesh. Phasmid Studies, 7(2), 41–64. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207263#page/43/mode/1up
- Gray, G.R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 48 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8697
- Günther, K. (1929) Die Phasmoiden der Deutschen Kaiserin Augusta-Fluss-Expedition 1912/13. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmoidenfauna Neuguineas. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 14, 600–747, pl. 1–7.
- Harman, A.J.E. (2012) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Three. PSG No. 101 - PSG No. 150. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 128, 13–15.
- Hausleithner, B. (1990) Die Eier einiger Carausius-Arten und einige Bemerkungen zu diesem Genus (Phasmatodea). Ent. Z. Frankfurt, 100(21), 393–412.
- Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2008) Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906, 1–316. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frank_Hennemann
- Hennemann, F.H., Conle, O.V. & Zhang, W. (2008) Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea. Zootaxa, 1735, 1–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263468541_Catalogue_of_the_Stick_and_Leaf-insects_Phasmatodea_of_China_with_a_faunistic_analysis_review_of_recent_ecological_and_biological_studies_and_bibliography_Insecta_Orthoptera_Phasmatodea
- Herwaarden, H.M.C.V. (1998) A guide to the genera of stick- and leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) of New Guinea and the surrounding islands. SCIENCE IN NEW GUINEA, 24(2), 55–114. Available at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fiji/pdf/vanheerwarden1998.pdf
- Ho, G.W.-C. (2017) Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea V: New taxa and new nomenclatures of the subfamilies Necrosciinae (Diapheromeridae) and Lonchodinae (Phasmatidae) from the Phasmatodea of China. Zootaxa, 4368(1), 1–72. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/322006202_Contribution_to_the_knowledge_of_Chinese_Phasmatodea_V_New_taxa_and_new_nomenclatures_of_the_subfamilies_Necrosciinae_Diapheromeridae_and_Lonchodinae_Phasmatidae_from_the_Phasmatodea_of_China
- Ho, G.W.-C. (2021) Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Phasmatodea VIII: Four new species of Carausius Stål, 1875 from China (Lonchodidae: Lonchodinae). Bulletin of Hong Kong Entomological Society, 13(1), 12–21. Available at http://www.hkentsoc.org/publications/page50/page50.html
- Karny, H.H. (1923) Zur Nomenklatur der Phasmoiden. Hortus Botanicus Bogoriensis, Java (Treubia), 3(2), 230–242. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/110723#page/310/mode/1up
- Kirby, W.F. (1896) On some new or rare Phasmidae in the collection of the British Museum. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London, 6(6), 447–475, pl. 39–40. Available at http://academic.oup.com/transactionslinneanzoo/article-abstract/6/6/447/3608803?redirectedFrom=fulltext
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661
- Mandal, S.K. & Yadav, K. (2010) Some phasmida (stick and leaf insects) of India. RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA OCCASIONAL PAPER, 318, 1–64. Available at http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/occpapers/318/index.pdf
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Pantel, J. (1917) Description de Carausius nouveaux (Orth. Phasmidae) et notes sur les Carausius de l´Inde Meridionale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 86, 267–306 pl. 2. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36392#page/287/mode/1up
- Parikh, P. (2010) Status and diversity of orthopteroids in Gir PA, Gujarat. International Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, 1(1), 50–57. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/PH_Parikh/publication/315335000_Status_and_Diversity_of_Orthopteroieds_in_Gir_PA_Gujarat/links/58cce917a6fdcc5cccb99d2a/Status-and-Diversity-of-Orthopteroieds-in-Gir-PA-Gujarat.pdf
- Rehn, J.A.G. (1904) Studies in the Orthopterous family Phasmidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 56, 38–107. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/48/mode/1up
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1979) A key to the eggs of stick and leaf insects (Phasmida). Systematic Entomology, 4, 325–331. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1979.tb00617.x
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1987) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmatodea, and its taxonomic significance. In M. Mazzini & V. Scali (Eds.). Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena. University of Siena. pp. 133–139. [1986]
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1997) Descriptive terminology of the phasmid egg capsule, with an extended key to the phasmid genera based on egg structure. Systematic Entomology, 22, 97–122. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1997.d01-30.x
- Seow-Choen, F. (2017) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo: Vol. II. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Kota Kinabalu, 261 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-borneo-vol-2/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2017) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 163 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/taxonomic-guide-stick-insects-singapore/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2018) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra: Vol. I. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 703 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-sumatra-vol-1/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2020) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra: Vol. II. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 402 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/books/animals/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2021) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Peninsular Malaysia: Vol. I. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 944 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2023) A taxonomic guide to the Stick Insects of Java, Vol. 1. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 652 pp. Available at https://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-java-vol-1/
- Stål, C. (1875) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthoptères décrits par Linné, DeGeer et Thunberg. 3. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32, 1–105. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924018284798
- Vickery, V.R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian stick insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australian division of Entomology, Technical Paper No 20, 1–19. Available at http://publications.csiro.au/rpr/download?pid=procite:bc6d4d28-0bab-4f42-8f59-c5025bb110cd&dsid=DS1
- Wu, C.F. (1935) Family Phasmidae. In Catalogus Insectorum Sinensium (Catalogue of Chinese Insects). The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology,The Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping, China. 49–52 pp.
- Xu, F.L. (2008) A taxonomic study on Phasmatodea in Guizhou [UNPUBLISHED]. Ghizhou University, Guiyang, China, 70 pp. PhD thesis. [in Chinese]
- Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, Germany, 327 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313233330_Revision_of_the_genera_of_the_Areolatae_including_the_status_of_Timema_and_Agathemera_Insecta_Phasmatodea
Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Total | Valid | Invalid |
| genus | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| species | 98 | 58 | 40 |
| subspecies | 5 | 2 | 3 |