Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877

Heavy Stick-insect

CollectionObject 1561090; 7c0d9f0c-b9b7-4bb7-8ae0-ad35b4a17609: copyright NHRS. male Pharnacia ponderosa (lectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1561091; e01f61c5-4633-4ab8-8db2-b666cd4acb90: copyright NHRS. male Pharnacia ponderosa (paralectotype). (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (24)

Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877: 40.
Lectotype; male; 7c0d9f0c-b9b7-4bb7-8ae0-ad35b4a17609; deposited at: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections (NHRS); Philippines
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Kirby, 1904: 359.
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Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Redtenbacher, 1908: 455.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Bruner, 1915: 235.
Pharnacia pondorosa [sic] Stål, 1877 in Sjöstedt, 1933: 6.
Pharnacia pondorosa [sic] Stål, 1877 (misspelling of Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877) in Sjöstedt, 1933: 6.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Brock, 1992: 60.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Brock, 1995: 94.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Brock, 1996: 27.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Sellick, 1998: 226. Phylogeny or classification
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Brock, 1999: 181.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Brock, 2003: 63.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Otte & Brock, 2005: 265.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 112, figs.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Lit & Eusebio, 2008: 120, figs.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Bote, 2008: 12, figs.. Life history
Pharnacia magdiwang Lit & Eusebio, 2008: 117, figs.
Holotype; female; UPLB PHA-00132; deposited at: Museum of Natural History, University of the Philippines (UPLB-MNH); Philippines: Sibuyan Island: Barangay Ipil, Magdiwang, ex Mangifera indica
Pharnacia magdiwang Lit & Eusebio, 2008 (subjective synonym of Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877) in Hennemann & Conle, 2008: 112.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Buckley, Attanayake & Bradler, 2009: 1058. Phylogeny or classification
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Bollens & Krijns, 2010: 18, fig.. Specimen or distribution
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Harman, 2013: 13.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Baker, 2015: 3.

Pharnacia magdiwang Lit & Eusebio, 2008 in Baker, 2015: 3.
Pharnacia ponderosa Stål, 1877 in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 411, 554, figs. Image or description; Specimen or distribution

Nomenclature references (20)

Baker, E.W. (2015) The worldwide status of phasmids (Insecta: Phasmida) as pests of agriculture and forestry, with a generalised theory of phasmid outbreaks. Agriculture & Food Security, 4(22), 1–19. Available at http://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-015-0040-6
Bollens, T. & Krijns, R. (2010) Collectietrip op der Filippijnen: deel 1. Phasma, 20(77), 10–18.
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Bote, H. (2008) Die Stabschrecke Pharnacia ponderosa Stål 1877 - Haltung und Zucht [The stick insect Pharnacia ponderosa Stal, 1877 - care and breeding]. Arthropoda, 16(2), 12–13.

Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html

Brock, P.D. (1992) New Edition. Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. The Amateur Entomologist. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 73 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html

Brock, P.D. (1995) Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 49(2), 83–102. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/348052167_Catalogue_of_Stick_and_Leaf-Insects_Insecta_Phasmida_associated_with_Peninsular_Malaysia_and_Singapore_Malaysian_Naturalist_49283-102

Brock, P.D. (1996) Changes of taxonomy in giant stick-insects. Phasmid Studies, 5(1), 25–31. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207389#page/27/mode/1up

Brock, P.D. (1999) Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 223 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/stick-and-leaf-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore-book

Brock, P.D. (2003) Rearing and studying stick and leaf insects. Revised Edition. The Amateur Entomologists' Society, London, Vol. 22, 89 pp. Available at http://shop.amentsoc.org/rearing-and-studying-stick-and-leaf-insects.html

Bruner, L. (1915) Preliminary catalogue of the orthopteroid insects of the Philippine Islands. University studies of the University of Lincoln, Nebraska, 15(2), 195–281. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94891#page/266/mode/1up

Buckley, T.R., Attanayake, D. & Bradler, S. (2009) Extreme convergence in stick insect evolution: phylogenetic placement of the Lord Howe Island tree lobster. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 276, 1055–1062. [2008] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/23763933_Extreme_convergence_in_stick_insect_evolution_Phylogenetic_placement_of_the_Lord_Howe_Island_tree_lobster

Harman, A.J.E. (2013) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Six: PSG No.251 - PSG No. 300. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 131, 12–14.

Hennemann, F.H. & Conle, O.V. (2008) Revision of Oriental Phasmatodea: The tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953, including the description of the world's longest insect, and a survey of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 with keys to the subfamilies and tribes (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Phasmatidae). Zootaxa, 1906, 1–316. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Frank_Hennemann

Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661

Lit, I.L.J. & Eusebio, O.L. (2008) A New Species of the Genus Pharnacia (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Pharnaciini) on Mango Trees in Sibuyan Island with Notes on Stick Insects Found on Agricultural Crops. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 91(2), 115–122. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292698457_A_new_species_of_the_genus_phamacia_phasmatodea_Phasmatidae_Phasmatinae_Pharnaciini_on_mango_trees_in_sibuyan_Island_with_notes_on_stick_insects_found_on_agricultural_crops

Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file

Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Phibalosomini, Acrophyllini, Necrosciini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. III. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 339–589, pls 16–27. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Iii.PhasmidaeAnareolatae

Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x

Sjöstedt, Y. (1933) Orthopterentypen im Naturhistorischen Reichsmuseum zu Stockholm. 7. Phasmidae. Arkiv för Zoologi, 25A(16), 1–10.
Stål, C. (1877) Orthoptera nova ex Insulis Philippinis descripsit. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 34 (10), 33–58. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/98202#/summary

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
species	1	0	2	3