Holotype; male; 37433f9c-8556-43cf-a296-dde0d4ef6a92; deposited at: Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); Brazil: Amazon
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (synonym of Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835) in Gray, 1835: 23.
Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835 (synonym of Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796)
Phasma lineare Houttuyn, 1813 in Gray, 1835: 26.
Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835 in Gray, 1837: 144. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835 in Audinet-Serville, 1838: 268.
Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835 in Audinet-Serville, 1838: 269.
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (synonym of Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835) in Audinet-Serville, 1838: 268.
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (synonym of Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835) in Burmeister, 1838: 586.
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (synonym of Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835) in Haan, 1842: 123.
Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835 in Westwood, 1859: 122.
Necroscia acanthoptera (Gray, 1835) in Westwood, 1859: 147.
Necroscia umbretta (Lichtenstein, 1796) in Westwood, 1859: 147.
Prexaspes janus Kirby, 1904: 415.
Phasma acanthopterum Gray, 1835 (synonym of Prexaspes janus Kirby, 1904) in Kirby, 1904: 415.
Prexaspes janus Kirby, 1904 (synonym of Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796)
Phasma linearis Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796) in Kirby, 1904: 415.
Prexaspes umbretta (Lichtenstein, 1796) in Kirby, 1904: 414.
Trigonophasma acanthophora (Houttuyn, 1813) in Kirby, 1904: 373.
Prexaspes maculatus (Gray, 1835) in Kirby, 1904: 414.
Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Redtenbacher, 1906: 116. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Redtenbacher, 1906: 116. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Redtenbacher, 1906: 116, pl. 4:17. Phylogeny or classification
Prexaspes acanthopterus (Gray, 1835) in Redtenbacher, 1906: 129.
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Handlirsch, 1930: 760, fig. 804.
Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796 (subjective synonym of Oestrophora triangulifera Redtenbacher, 1906) in Lelong, 1993: 13. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma linearis Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Oestrophora triangulifera Redtenbacher, 1906) in Lelong, 1993: 13.
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Lelong, 1993: 16. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Lelong, 1993: 16. Specimen or distribution
Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796 in Kerzhner, 1994: 113. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796 in Anonymous, 1995: 283. Phylogeny or classification
Prexaspes (Elasia) acanthopterum (Gray, 1835) in Zompro, 2004: 102.
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Zompro, 2004: 159. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 251. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 251. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 33. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma linearis Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 33.
Phasma acanthophora Houttuyn, 1813 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 33. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011: 33. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Figueiredo de Araujo & Garraffoni, 2012: 236. Specimen or distribution
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 181. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835 (subjective synonym of Phasma umbretta Lichtenstein, 1796) in Chiquetto-Machado, 2019: 85. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma umbretta (Lichtenstein, 1796) in Chiquetto-Machado, 2019: 84. Phylogeny or classification
Prexaspes janus Kirby, 1904 (subjective synonym of Phasma maculatum Gray, 1835) in Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 70. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero, 2020: 126. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma maculatum (Gray, 1835) in Chiquetto-Machado & Cancello, 2021: 183. Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma umbretta (Lichtenstein, 1796) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 568. Specimen or distribution
Paraphasma umbretta (Lichtenstein, 1796) in Chiquetto-Machado, Morales & Cancello, 2022: 60, figs 43-49. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
Paraphasma umbretta (Lichtenstein, 1796) in Heleodoro & Rafael, 2023: 16. Phylogeny or classification
Nomenclature references (25)
Anonymous (1995) Opinion 1820. A.A.H. Lichtenstein's (1796, 1797) Catalogus musei zoologici.. Sectio tertia. Continens Insecta and D.H. Schneider's (1800) Verzeichniss einer Parthei Insekten... : suppressed, with conservation of some Lichtenstein (1796) names (Insecta and Arachnida). The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 52(3), 283–285. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44798#page/309/mode/1up
Chiquetto-Machado, P.I. & Cancello, E.M. (2021) Cladistic analysis of Paraphasma (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) highlights the importance of the phallic organ for phasmid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 193, 158–198. Available at http://www.journals4free.com/link.jsp?l=49590893
Chiquetto-Machado, P.I. (2019) Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética de Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae: Stratocleinae). Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae: Stratocleinae) [UNPUBLISHED]. Vols. 1-2. PhD thesis. Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo. Available at http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/38/38131/tde-16092019-153303/publico/PedroIvoChiquettoMachadoteseMZUSP_compressed.pdf
de Haan, W. (1842) Bijdragen to de kennis der Orthoptera. In Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen. In commissie bij S. en J. Luchtmans, en C.C. van der Hoek, Leiden. Vol. 3, pp. 95–138. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/577/mode/1up
Gray, G.R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 48 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8697
Gray, G.R. (1837) Description of some singularly formed Orthopterous insects. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology, 1(1), 141–145. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19588#page/162/mode/1up
Handlirsch, A.P.J. (1930) 6. Ordnung der Pterygogonea: Phasmida (Gespenst- oder Stabheuschrecken). In Handbuch der Zoologie, Vol. 4. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and Leipzig. pp. 751–765.
Heleodoro, R.A. & Rafael, J.A. (2023) The taxonomic catalog of the Brazilian fauna: Dermaptera and Phasmatodea (Insecta), with commentaries on species list, types, authorship and distribution. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 40, e22060: 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e22060
Kerzhner, I.M. (1994) Case 2862. A.A.H. Lichtenstein's (1796, 1797) Catalogus musei zoologici.. Sectio tertia. Continens Insecta and D.H. Schneider's (1800) Verzeichniss einer Parthei Insekten... : proposed suppression, with conservation of some Lichtenstein (1796) names (Insecta and Arachnida). The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 51(2), 108–115. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44552#page/130/mode/1up
Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661
Lichtenstein, A.A.H. (1796) In Catalogus Musei zoologici ditissimi Hamburgi, d III Februar 1796. Auctionis lege distrahendi. 3. SUPPRESSED PUBLICATION FOR NOMENCLATURAL PURPOSES (EXCEPT FOR FEW NAMES) see Opinion 1820 (1995). Gedruckt bey Gottl. Friedr. Schniebes, Hamburg. 222 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83113#page/98/mode/1up
Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
Stoll, C. (1813) In Natuurlyke en naar 't leeven naauwkeurig gekleurde afbeeldingen en beschryvingen der spooken, wandelende, bladen, zabelspringhaanen, krekels, treksprinkhaanen en kakkerlakken [Représentation exactement colorée d'après nature des spectres, des mantes, des sauterelles, des grillons, des criquets et des blattes]. J.C. Sepp & Sohn, Amsterdam. Vols. 1787-1813. [in Dutch and French] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/287096#page/3/mode/1up
Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp, 48 pl. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofortho00brituoft
