species

Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835)

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female of Phasma tithonus (synytpe). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female, lateral view of Phasma tithonus (synytpe). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female: head and thorax, lateral view of Phasma tithonus (synytpe). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female: end of abdomen, dorsal view of Phasma tithonus (synytpe). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female: end of abdomen, lateral view of Phasma tithonus (synytpe). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female: end of abdomen, ventral view of Phasma tithonus (synytpe). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562259; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f: copyright Natural History Museum, London. female, data labels (syntype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1562261; 7e3d0e9b-c5ec-43d9-a804-4b39390c940a: copyright MLUH, Halle. male and 2 x females of synonym Phasma ornatum (syntypes). (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1562262; b73883dd-03cd-4430-9acd-7243ef52ad1a: copyright MLUH, Halle. male and 2 x females of synonym Phasma ornatum (syntypes). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1563575; 63c6eff0-910c-4b27-aeae-16ba25fca6e1: copyright ZMHB. males and females of synonym Phasma ornatum. (CollectionObject).;CollectionObject 1563576; 4a3dc181-085c-4838-9967-9ef367e270e4: copyright ZMHB. males and females of synonym Phasma ornatum. (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (41)

Phasma lineolatum Fischer von Waldheim, 1834: 327.
Syntype; dc85a78b-5099-470d-9764-e1d43e28d136; Brazil
Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835: 23.
Syntypes (n= 2); female; 254d0a21-a3c9-48b5-b63c-04fff24f039f; deposited at: Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK); 'India Orientali' [probably in error. Brazil?]
... Show all ... (37)

Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835 in Gray, 1837: 144. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835 in Audinet-Serville, 1838: 272.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838: 585.
Syntypes (n= 3); male; 7e3d0e9b-c5ec-43d9-a804-4b39390c940a; deposited at: Martin Luther Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (MLUH); Brazil: 2 males and 1 female; part of type series?. Syntypes (n= 2); female; b73883dd-03cd-4430-9acd-7243ef52ad1a; deposited at: Martin Luther Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (MLUH); Brazil: 2 males and 1 female; part of type series?. Syntypes (n= 3); male; 63c6eff0-910c-4b27-aeae-16ba25fca6e1; deposited at: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, German (ZMHUB); Brazil. Syntypes (n= 2); female; 4a3dc181-085c-4838-9967-9ef367e270e4; deposited at: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, German (ZMHUB); Brazil
Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835 in Haan, 1842: 123.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 in Charpentier, 1845: pl. 42.
Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835 in Westwood, 1859: 119.
Phasma lineolatum Fischer von Waldheim, 1834 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Westwood, 1859: 119.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Westwood, 1859: 119.
Phocylides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Stål, 1875: 97.
Phocylides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1897: pl. 3:23.
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Griffini, 1899: 91.
Phasma lineolatum Fischer von Waldheim, 1834 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Kirby, 1904: 410.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Kirby, 1904: 410.
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Kirby, 1904: 410.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Redtenbacher, 1906: 109.
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Redtenbacher, 1906: 108.
Phasma lineolatum Fischer von Waldheim, 1834 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Giglio-Tos, 1910: 10.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Giglio-Tos, 1910: 10.
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Giglio-Tos, 1910: 10.
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Costa Lima, 1932: 259.
Pseudolcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Piza, 1937: 1.
Pseudolcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Costa Lima, 1939: 194, fig. Specimen or distribution
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Sellick, 1980: 188, fig. 115. Phylogeny or classification
Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835 in Vanschuytbroeck & Cools, 1981: 18. Specimen or distribution
Olcyphides tithonius [sic] (Gray, 1835) in Passerin d' Entrèves, 1981: 55.
Olcyphides tithonius [sic] (Gray, 1835) (misspelling of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Passerin d' Entrèves, 1981: 55.
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Sellick, 1998: 211. Phylogeny or classification
Olcyphides tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Zompro, 2000: 66. Specimen or distribution
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Zompro, 2004: 141. Phylogeny or classification
Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Zompro, 2004: 141, figs.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Zompro, 2005: 274.
Phasma lineolatum Fischer von Waldheim, 1834 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 335.
Phasma ornatum Burmeister, 1838 (subjective synonym of Phasma tithonus Gray, 1835) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 335.
Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 335.
Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Lima, Kumagai & Neto, 2013: 588. Image or description; Life history
Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 199. Phylogeny or classification; Specimen or distribution
Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Chiquetto-Machado & Cancello, 2021: 161. Phylogeny or classification

Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 567. Specimen or distribution
Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) in Heleodoro & Rafael, 2023: 17. Phylogeny or classification

Nomenclature references (30)

Audinet-Serville, J.G. (1838) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères. Librarie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 1–776, pls 1–14. [1839; in French] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/histoirenaturel01guilgoog
Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
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Brock, P.D., Marshall, J.A., Beccaloni, G.W. & Harman, A.J.E. (2016) The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa, 4179(2), 151–208. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/309585799_The_types_of_Phasmida_in_the_Natural_History_Museum_London_UK

Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1897) In Observations on the coloration of insects. Betrachtungen über die Farbenpracht der Insecten. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. 1–16, pls 1–9. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/132904#page/1/mode/1up

Burmeister, H.C.C. (1838) In Handbuch der Entomologie. T.C.F. Enslin, Berlin. Vol. 2, 457–756 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8135

Chiquetto-Machado, P.I. & Cancello, E.M. (2021) Cladistic analysis of Paraphasma (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) highlights the importance of the phallic organ for phasmid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 193, 158–198. Available at http://www.journals4free.com/link.jsp?l=49590893

Costa Lima, A.M.da (1932) Notas sobre Phasmida. Revista de Entomologia (São Paulo), 2, 257–261.

Costa Lima, A.M.da (1939) XI. Ordem Phasmida. In Insectos do Brasil. 1' Tomo. Esc. Nac. Agr., Rio de Janeiro. 189–204 pp. Available at http://www.ephemeroptera-galactica.com/pubs/pub_c/pubcostaa1938p1.pdf

de Haan, W. (1842) Bijdragen to de kennis der Orthoptera. In Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen. In commissie bij S. en J. Luchtmans, en C.C. van der Hoek, Leiden. Vol. 3, pp. 95–138. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/200624#page/577/mode/1up

Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1834) Notice sur quelques Orthoptères et Nevroptères du Brésil. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 7, 322–330, pl. 7.

Giglio-Tos, E. (1910) Fasmidi esotici del R. Museo zoologico di Torino e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Royal Università di Torino, 25(625), 1–57. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50963#page/57/mode/1up

Gray, G.R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 48 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8697

Gray, G.R. (1837) Description of some singularly formed Orthopterous insects. Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology, 1(1), 141–145. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19588#page/162/mode/1up

Griffini, A. (1899) Sul nome generico Phocylides avente doppio uso in entomologia. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 22(580), 89–91. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/97492#page/105/mode/1up

Heleodoro, R.A. & Rafael, J.A. (2023) The taxonomic catalog of the Brazilian fauna: Dermaptera and Phasmatodea (Insecta), with commentaries on species list, types, authorship and distribution. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 40, e22060: 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e22060

Kirby, W.F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, Vol. 1, 501 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29661

Lima, A.R., Kumagai, A.F. & Neto, E.M.C. (2013) Morphological and biological observations on the stick insect Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) (Phasmida: Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae). Zootaxa, 3700(4), 588–592.

Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file

Passerin d' Entrèves, P. (1981) Cataloghi. IV - Collezione Ortotterologiche del Museo di Zoologia de´ll Università di Torino. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 1–127 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/1/series/cataloghi-di-museo-regionale-di-scienze-naturali-torino?qtview=185906

Piza, S.de T., Jr. (1937) Os Phasmidas do Museu Paulista. II. Phasmidae, Phasminae. Revista de Entomologia (São Paulo), 7(1), 1–8.

Redtenbacher, J. (1906) Phasmidae Areolatae. In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Vol. 1, 1–180, pls 1–6. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmidenVol.1

Sellick, J.T.C. (1980) A study of the eggs of the insect order Phasmida with particular reference to establishing the taxonomic value of egg structure in this group. UNPUBLISHED. PhD thesis. University of London. Available at http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281183

Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x

Stål, C. (1875) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthoptères décrits par Linné, DeGeer et Thunberg. 3. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 32, 1–105. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924018284798

Vanschuytbroeck, P. & Cools, J. (1981) Catalogue et liste du material typique des Phasmatodea conserve dans les collections Entomologiques de l´Institut Royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Orthopteroidea: Phasmatodea Jacobson & Bianchi, 1902 (=Cheleutoptera Crompton, 1915). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 53(23), 1–26. Available at http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletins-de-linstitut-royal-des-sciences-naturelles-de-belgique-entomologie/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-entomology/vanschuytbroeck_catalogue_1981

von Charpentier, T. (1845) In Orthoptera descripta et depicta. Leop. Voss, Leipzig. i-iv, pls 1–60 with each 2pp text. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/285732#page/1/mode/1up

Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp, 48 pl. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofortho00brituoft

Zompro, O. (2000) Die Phasmidensammlung des Übersee-Museums Bremen. TenDenZen Supplement, 1999, 61–70. [1999] Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/27281173_Die_Phasmidensammlung_des_Ubersee_-_Museums_Bremen

Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, Germany, 327 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313233330_Revision_of_the_genera_of_the_Areolatae_including_the_status_of_Timema_and_Agathemera_Insecta_Phasmatodea
Zompro, O. (2005) Catalogue of type-material of the insect order Phasmatodea, housed in the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany and in the Institut für Zoologie der Martin-Luther-Universität zin Halle (Saale), Germany. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 52(2), 251–290. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230127862_Catalogue_of_type-material_of_the_insect_order_Phasmatodea_housed_in_the_Museum_fur_Naturkunde_der_Humboldt-Universitat_zu_Berlin_Germany_and_in_the_Institut_fur_Zoologie_der_Martin-Luther-Universitat

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
species	1	0	7	8