SpeciesWhite-Kneed Stick Insect
Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859)
Nomenclature (41)
- Bacteria sarawaca Westwood, 1859: 31, pl. 25:1-2.
Lectotype; female; 30cdf3a3-a1e6-4032-985f-7c4ba7604740; deposited at: Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUM); Sarawak
- Staelonchodes sarawaca (Westwood, 1859) in Kirby, 1904: 317.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907: 252.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Günther, 1938: 127. Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Bragg, 1993: 39.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, Brock & Seow-En, 1994: 8.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, Seow-En & Seow-An, 1994: 93, fig..
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Bragg, 1995: 52.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1995: 87.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Tay & Seow-Choen, 1996: 179.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1997: 135.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Sellick, 1997: 18. Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1997: 68, figs..
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Sellick, 1998: 211. Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1998: 88.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, 1999: 47, figs.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1999: 299, pl. 3a-b.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 1999: 75.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2000: 11, pl. 17.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Bragg, 2001: 530, figs.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, Grinang & Naming, 2004: 398.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2005: 25.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Otte & Brock, 2005: 36.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Blüthgen, Metzner & Ruf, 2006: 37.
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Abercrombie, 2010: 7. Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Harman, 2012: 14. Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sapuani Seow-Choen, 2016: 17, figs.
Holotype; female; 2b22c79d-0287-44f2-a0b9-5e9925b24bac; Sarawak: Bako National Park
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock, Marshall, Beccaloni & Harman, 2016: 193. Phylogeny or classification; Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2016: 20, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sapuani Seow-Choen, 2016 in Seow-Choen, 2017: 21. Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2017: 23. Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2017: 9, figs. Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2017: 10, figs. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2018: 14. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sapuani Seow-Choen, 2016 in Seow-Choen, 2019
- Acacus sarawacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Seow-Choen, 2020: 69, figs, 393. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Brock & Büscher, 2022: 530. Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sapuani Seow-Choen, 2016 in Seow-Choen, 2025: 46. Specimen or distribution; Image or description
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Bragg, 2025: 84. Specimen or distribution
- Acacus sapuani Seow-Choen, 2016 (subjective synonym of Bacteria sarawaca Westwood, 1859) in Bragg, 2026: 17. Phylogeny or classification
- Acacus sarawacus (Westwood, 1859) in Bragg, 2026: 7-8, 10-11, 16-19. Image or description; Phylogeny or classification; Key
Nomenclature references (38)
- Abercrombie, I. (2010) Kubah National Park. Phasma, 20(77), 7–9.
- Blüthgen, N., Metzner, A. & Ruf, D. (2006) Food plant selection by stick insects (Phasmida) in a Bornean rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 22, 35–40. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231964618_Food_plant_selection_by_stick_insects_Phasmida_in_a_Bornean_rain_forest
- Bragg, P.E. (1993) Parasites of Phasmida. The Entomologist, 112(1), 37–42. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/349039160_Parasites_of_Phasmida
- Bragg, P.E. (1995) The culture of Bornean phasmids. Phasmid Studies, 4(2), 50–53. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207262#page/52/mode/1up
- Bragg, P.E. (2001) Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 771 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/phasmids-of-borneo/
- Bragg, P.E. (2025) A review of the cockroaches, mantids and phasmids from Niah national park, Sarawak (Insecta: Blattodea, Mantodea, and Phasmida). The Sarawak Museum Journal, 89(110), 73–91.
- Bragg, P.E. (2026) Review of the Bornean members of the genus Acacus Brunner, 1907, with the description of two new species (Phasmida: Necrosciinae). Phasmid Studies, 22, 5–30. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/401809541_Review_of_the_Bornean_members_of_the_genus_Acacus_Brunner_1907_with_the_description_of_two_new_species_Phasmida_Necrosciinae
- Brock, P.D. & Büscher, T.H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids. NAP Editions, France: Verrières-le-Buisson, 612 pp. Available at http://www.napeditions.com/en/67-stick-and-leaf-insects-of-the-world.html
- Brock, P.D. (1995) Catalogue of Stick and Leaf-Insects (Insecta: Phasmida) associated with Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 49(2), 83–102. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/348052167_Catalogue_of_Stick_and_Leaf-Insects_Insecta_Phasmida_associated_with_Peninsular_Malaysia_and_Singapore_Malaysian_Naturalist_49283-102
- Brock, P.D. (1997) Magnificent Malaysian insects. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society, 56(413), 135–136, pl. 97M, 97N, front cover. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/179092#page/205/mode/1up
- Brock, P.D. (1999) Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, 223 pp. Available at http://www.nhbs.com/stick-and-leaf-insects-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore-book
- Brock, P.D., Marshall, J.A., Beccaloni, G.W. & Harman, A.J.E. (2016) The types of Phasmida in the Natural History Museum, London, UK. Zootaxa, 4179(2), 151–208. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/publication/309585799_The_types_of_Phasmida_in_the_Natural_History_Museum_London_UK
- Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1907) Phasmidae Anareolatae (Clitumnini, Lonchodini, Bacunculini). In Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden: Vol. II. Verlag Engelmann, Leipzig. 181–338, pls 7–15. [in German] Available at http://www.archive.org/details/DieInsektenfamilieDerPhasmiden.Vol.Ii.PhasmidaeAnareolataeclitumnini
- Günther, K. (1938) Neue und wenig bekannte Phasmoiden aus dem Indian Museum, Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum, 40, 123–141.
- Harman, A.J.E. (2012) The Development of the Phasmid Species List Part Three. PSG No. 101 - PSG No. 150. The Phasmid Study Group Newsletter, 128, 13–15.
- Kirby, W.F. (1904) In A synonymic Catalog of Orthoptera Vol. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). British Museum (Natural History), London. 501 pp.
- Otte, D. & Brock, P.D. (2005) In Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 414 pp. Available at http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24725959-phasmida-species-file
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1997) The "umbrella spines" and other surface projections of some phasmid eggs and some comments on phasmid taxonomy. Phasmid Studies, 6(1), 15–20. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/207206#page/17/mode/1up
- Sellick, J.T.C. (1998) The micropylar plate of the eggs of Phasmida, with a survey of the range of plate form within the order. Systematic Entomology, 23, 203–228. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00056.x
- Seow-Choen, F. (1997) A guide to the stick and leaf insects of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (1998) List of stick-insects (Phasmida) in the collection of the Centre for Insect Systematics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Serangga, 3(1), 87–92. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (1999) Stick and leaf insect (Phasmida: Insecta) biodiversity in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens´ Bulletin, Singapore, 49(2), 297–312. [1997] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43613590#page/317/mode/1up
- Seow-Choen, F. (1999) The Phasmida. In C. Briffett & H.H. Chew (Eds.). State of the natural environment in Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore. pp. 68–76. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (2000) An Illustrated Guide to the Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 173 pp. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (2005) Phasmids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 120 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-pocket-guide-phasmids-of-peninsular-malaysia-and-singapore/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2016) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 454 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/taxonomic-guide-stick-insects-borneo/
- Seow-Choen, F. (2017) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Borneo: Vol. II. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Kota Kinabalu, 261 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-borneo-vol-2/
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- Seow-Choen, F. (2017) Observations on Stick Insects from Mount Kinabalu featured in A taxonomic guide to stick insects of Borneo including Emendations. The Sabah Society Journal, 33, 1–30. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F. (2018) A taxonomic guide to the stick insects of Sumatra: Vol. I. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 703 pp. Available at http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/a-taxonomic-guide-to-the-stick-insects-of-sumatra-vol-1/
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- Seow-Choen, F. (2025) A Photographic Guide: Stick Insects of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), 387 pp.
- Seow-Choen, F., Brock, P.D. & Seow-En, I. (1994) An introduction to the Stick and Leaf-insects of Singapore. Malaysian Naturalist, 48(1), 7–11. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F., Grinang, J. & Naming, M. (2004) Phasmids. In Sarawak Bau Limestone Biodiversity. Sarawak Museum Department. Sarawak Museum Journal, Volume 59, No 80, Kuching. pp. 391–401. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Seow-Choen, F., Seow-En, I. & Seow-An, S. (1994) Nature´s mimics. Nature Malaysiana, 19(3), 89–96. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Tay, E.P. & Seow-Choen, F. (1996) Relationship of Plant families and stick-insects in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. In I.M. Turner, C.H. Diong, S.S.L. Lim, & P.K.L. Ng (Eds.). Biodiversity and the Dynamics of Ecosystems. DIWPA Series. Vol. 1, pp. 177–186. Available at http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francis_Seow-Choen
- Westwood, J.O. (1859) Catalogue of the orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp, 48 pl. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofortho00brituoft
Descendants and synonyms
Stats
| Taxon | Valid names | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Extant | Fossil | Invalid | Total | |
| Species | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 | |