Phasmida Species File (Version 5.0/5.0)
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Taxa hierarchy
cohort
Polyneoptera
superorder
Orthopterida
order
Phasmida
synonym Phasmatodea
urn:lsid:Phasmida.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:3
Nomenclatural details: Junior synonym
Citations (121):
Jacobson [also spelt as Yakobson] & V.L. Bianchi. 1902. Orthoptera and Pseudoneuroptera of the Russian Empire. Priamokrylyia I lozhnostchatokrylyia Rossiskoi imperii 59, 156-161 >> Note: First use of Phasmatodea
Martynov. 1928. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10 1:319 >> Note: Fossil phasmids
Günther. 1953. Beiträge zur Entomologie, Berlin 3(5):541-563
>> Note: Phasmatodea, proposed reclassification
Nakata. 1961. Pacific Insects Monograph 2:107
>> Note: in Oceania
Key. 1970. The Insects of Australia, A textbook for students and research workers. 1st Edition 348 >> Note: as Phasmatodea
Moxey. 1972. Harvard University [unpublished thesis] 1 >> Note: of the West Indies [unpublished thesis]
Kristensen. 1975. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch 13:1, 42
>> Note: discusses different viewpoints
Meyer-Rochow. 1975. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 58(1):15
>> Note: Eaten by New Guinea and Australian native tribes
Bradley, J.C. & Galil. 1977. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 79(2):176-208
>> Note: Key to families, subfamilies and tribes; Phasmatodea [Bradley died before completion - some errors as a result, but this is a useful update of Gunther 1953]
Kevan. 1977. Lyman Ent. and Research Lab. 2:25 >> Note: as suborder of Cheleutoptera
Kevan. 1977. Mem. Lyman ent. Mus. Res. Lab. No. 4 (sp. pub. 12):25 >> Note: as suborder of Cheleutoptera
Kevan. 1982. In Parker, S.F. [Ed.]. Synopsis and classification of living organisms 2:381 >> Note: as suborder of Phasmatoptera
Whalley. 1985. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39:137 >> Note: Fossil phasmids
Scali & Mazzini. 1987[1986]. In Mazzini & Scali [Ed.]. Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena 157 >> Note: Ootaxonomy
Sellick. 1987[1986]. In Mazzini & Scali [Ed.]. Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena 133 >> Note: Micropylar plate in eggs
Scali & Marescalchi. 1987[1986]. In Mazzini & Scali [Ed.]. Stick Insects: Phylogeny and reproduction. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Stick Insects, Siena 211 >> Note: Karyology and cytotaxonomy
Nickle. 1988. Metaleptea 10(1):25 >> Note: Reference on p.27 to 108 specimens collected (28 spp) on expeditions
Martins-Neto. 1989. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 12:91 >> Note: Fossil species
Preston-Mafham, K. 1990. Grasshoppers and mantids of the world 34 & others >> Note: various sections, classification, courtship, egglaying, feeding, defence et al
Liu, S.L. & B.L. Cai. 1990. Contributions from Tianjin Natural History Museum 7:19 >> Note: eggs of Chinese phasmids
Carpenter, F.H. 1992. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Arthropoda 4. Superclass Hexapoda, Volume 4 184 >> Note: Fossil phasmids
Preston-Mafham, R. & K. Preston-Mafham. 1993. The encyclopedia of land invertebrate behaviour 58 >> Note: Introduction
Failla, La Greca, Lombardo, Messina, Scali, Stefani & Taglianti. 1994. In Minelli, Ruffo & La Posta [Ed.]. Checklist delle specie delle fauna italiana 2 >> Note: in Italy
Lind. 1994. Phasmid Studies 3(1):3
>> Note: Evolution
Majer & Recher. 1994. Mem. Queensland Museum 36(1):121
>> Note: Study on species richness in eastern and western Australian canopies, brief mention of phasmid spp.
Naumann [Ed.]. 1994. Systematic and applied entomology: an introduction >> Note: Introduction
Bradburne. 1995. Phasmid Studies 4(2):43
>> Note: water balance
Camousseight. 1995. In Simonetti, Arroyo, Spotorno & Lozarda. Diversidad biológica de Chile 230 >> Note: In Chile
Potvin, J. 1995. Phasmatodea 1 >> Note: Drawings of dead specimens
Ansorge. 1996. Paläont. Z. 70(3/4):475 >> Note: Fossil
Martinez & Gauvrit. 1997. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 102(4):323
>> Note: in France
Li, Yan & S.C. Chen. 1998. Journal of Beijing Forestry University 20(1):59 >> Note: Biology and ecology
Maes. 1998. Insectos de Nicaragua 1:80
>> Note: Checklist of phasmids in Nicaragua
Zompro. 2000[1999]. TenDenZen Supplement 1999:61
>> Note: Specimens in Bremen collection, including unclassified material
Zompro. 2001. Mitteilungen des Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institutes der Universität Hamburg 85:229 >> Note: In Baltic Amber
McGavin. 2001. Essential Entomology 129, fig >> Note: Introduction to the order
Bradler. 2003. In Dathe [Ed.]. Lehrbuch der speziellen Zoologie. I. Wirbellose Tiere. 5. Insecta. Spektrum 251 >> Note: Note: Phasmatodea, proposals include a new Family Neophasmatidae (= specific mention made of Eurycanthinae, Phylliinae, Heteropteryginae, Lanceocercata); not adopted in PSF Online, as there are doubts about the proposals, which have not been adopted by Zompro 2004, who rightly pointed out that Neophasmatidae is invalid
Zompro. 2004. Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea) 24
>> Note: Phasmatodea; comments on Bradler's 2003 publication (p. 324)
Nel, Marchal-Papier, Béthoux & Gall. 2004. Ann. Soc. entomol. Fr. N.S. 40(1):31 >> Note: Possible fossil phasmid
Brock. 2004. Jour. of Orthoptera Res. 13(2):247
>> Note: Review of the Genera of the Areolatae by Zompro
Berger. 2004. Ecology of phasmids (phasmatodea) in a moist neotropical forest: a study on life history, host-range and bottom-up versus top-down regulation 1
>> Note: Ecology of phasmids in a moist neotropical forest UNPUBLISHED THESIS
Terry & M.F. Whiting. 2005. Cladistics 21(3):249 >> Note: as Phasmatodea; phylogeny, new clade Eukinolabia
Lelong & Langlois. 2005. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 110(3):259
>> Note: Phasmatodea of Martinique; key to species, including eggs
Zompro. 2005. Phasmid Studies 12(1-2):11
>> Note: repeated from Zompro 2004
Xu, J. 2005. In Ren, K.T., R.C. Cheng & F.M. Shi [Ed.]. Classification and Diversity of Insects in China 74 >> Note: A catalogue of stick insects from Hong Kong, Aomen and Taiwan, China
Xu, J. 2005. Forest Pest and Disease 24(3):25 >> Note: Biological summary of the phasmids in China
Langlois, Lelong & Dorel. 2006. Phasmatodea of Saint Lucia 1
>> Note: as Phasmatodea; in St. Lucia
Klug & Bradler. 2006. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 6(3):171
>> Note: pregenital abdominal musculature (Phasmatodea)
Ide & C. Costa. 2006. m3m Monografias Tercer Milenio 5:70 >> Note: Phasmatodea; key to families, Brazil and Neotropical region
Kimsey. 2006. Univ. Calif. Publs Ent. 125:1-311 >> Note: California cuckoo wasps; parasites of Phasmatodea
Wedmann, Bradler & Rust. 2007. PNAS 104(2):565
Hennemann & Conle. 2007. Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 97 Suppl.:3
>> Note: as Phasmatodea; checklist of Philippine Lonchodinae
Poitout. 2007. Dictionnaire etymologique de noms scientifique des phasmes (Phasmatodea) 1 >> Note: Phasmatodea; detailed etymology of phasmid genera and species, with photographs of some entomologists [in French]
Cliquennois. 2007. Le Bulletin d'Arthropoda 32:3
>> Note: as Phasmatodea; diversity of Madagascan phasmids
Vargas-Clavijo. 2007. Sitientibus Serie Ciencias Biologicas 7(3):230 >> Note: folk tradition of the Colombian Caribbean
Vargas-Clavijo. 2007[2006]. Acta Biologica Colombiana 11(2):113 >> Note: relationship that people have with stick and leaf insects
Schuette. 2007. In Ganzhorn, Goodman & Vincelette [Ed.]. Biodiversity, ecology and conservation of littoral ecosystems in southeastern Madagascar, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) 155 >> Note: Eleven species of Phasmatodea were recorded in the littoral forests of Petriky, Mandena, and Sainte Luce near Tolagnaro. Two genera and at least six species of Phasmatodea are new to science. The identification and descriptions of these new species are in progress.
Wedmann, Bradler & Rust. 2007. PNAS 104(2):565
>> Note: fossil record
Chen, S.C. & Y.H. He. 2008. Phasmatodea of China 1
>> Note: Phasmatodea of China
Gerlach & Haas. 2008. Orthopteroidea of the Seychelles islands 66
>> Note: of the Seychelles
Henderson, A., D. Henderson & J. Sinclair. 2008. Bugs alive: a guide to keeping Australian invertebrates 81
>> Note: rearing Australian species
Delclos, Nel, Azar, Bechly, Dunlop, Engel & Heads. 2008. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen 247(3):353 >> Note: fossil taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera)
Xu, F.L. 2008. A taxonomic study on Phasmatodea in Guizhou UNPUBLISHED THESIS 1 >> Note: in Guizhou, China [UNPUBLISHED THESIS]
Whitman. 2009[2008]. Jour. of Orthoptera Res. 17(2):117
>> Note: body size
Zompro. 2009. Arthropoda 17(1):3 >> Note: 'Evolution or creationism - science or believe' comments on Buckley et al, 2008
Zompro. 2009. Arthropoda 17(1):10
>> Note: systematics; comments on Families, with illustrations of representative taxa
Eilmus. 2009. Arthropoda 17(1):34
>> Note: comments on foodplants
Bradler. 2009. Die Phylogenie der Stab- und Gespentschrecken (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Vol 2.1 Species, Phylogeny and Evolution 2.1:3
>> Note: Phylogeny; well illustrated study with some changes proposed, particularly 'rank-free' names which do not fit well with the Code and (if accepted by others), may become synonyms of existing names. The proposal to transfer most Families to a new single Family 'Neophasmatidae' is controversial, the changes have not been made to this database, pending further evaluation.
Egerton & Lochman. 2009. Wildlife of Australia 366
>> Note: general introduction to Australian species
Schönitzer & Kothe. 2009. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen 58:121
Buckley, Attanayake, Nylander & Bradler. 2010. Systematic Entomology 35:207
>> Note: Phylogeny of New Zealand phasmids
Langlois & Lelong. 2010. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 115(1):59
>> Note: of Dominica and St Lucia
Ren, D., Gu & Shih. 2010. In Ren, D., Shih, T. Gao, Y. Yao & Y. Zhao [Ed.]. Silent stories: insect fossil treasures from dinosaur era of the northeastern China 114 >> Note: Fossil phasmids, China
Cross & Jefferys. 2010. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 131:27
>> Note: unknown spp. collected in Cuba
Bradler & Buckley. 2011. Systematic Entomology 36:218
>> Note: Gallophasma longipalpis [fossil] considered ‘lower Neoptera’ or Polyneoptera incertae sedis
Mashimo, Machida, Dallai, Gottardo, Mercati & Beutel. 2011. Tissue and Cell 43:230
>> Note: possible relationships of Zoraptera with Phasmatodea based on certain egg characters (number of micropyles of the egg)
Shang, L., Béthoux & D. Ren. 2011. Eur. J. Entomol. 108:677 >> Note: Fossil phasmids from China
Dallai, Mercati, Gottardo, Machida, Mashimo & Beutel. 2011. Arthropod Structure and Development 40:531
>> Note: Zoraptera: sperm characters suggest affinity with Phasmatodea
Shelomi. 2011. Jour. of Orthoptera Res. 20(2):159
>> Note: Phasmid eggs fail to survive digestion by quails and chickens
Poinar. 2011. Historical Biology 23(2-3):223
>> Note: Fossil sp., Clonistria dominicana
Bellanger, Jourdan & Lelong. 2012. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 117(4):483
>> Note: of Trinidad; key to species
Figueiredo de Araujo & Garraffoni. 2012. EntomoBrasilis 5(3):232
>> Note: Checklist of Brazilian species
Wang, M., Béthoux, Bradler, Jacques, Cui & D. Ren. 2014. PLoS ONE 9(3 e91290):1
>> Note: fossil record
Domínguez & Vera. 2014. In Roig-Juñent, Claps & Morrone [Ed.]. Biodiversidad de Artrópodos Argentinos 3:63
>> Note: in Argentina
Gullan & Cranston. 2014. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology 13, 125, 209-10, 231, 298, 380, 384, 486, 503-4
>> Note: Taxonomy, anatomy et al
Goldberg, Bresseel, Constant, Kneubühler, Leubner, Michalik & Bradler. 2015. Sci. Rep. 5(7825):1
>> Note: egg-laying strategy
Bradler. 2015. Entomologie heute 27:1
>> Note: evolution
Shelomi, Sitepu, Boundy-Mills & Kimsey. 2015. Jour. of Orthoptera Res. 24(1):1
>> Note: digestive tract
Shelomi. 2016. Metaleptea 36(1):22
>> Note: body length European species studied in museum colls.
Ho, G.W.C. 2016. Zootaxa 4150(3):314
>> Note: of Hainan Island, China
López-Mora. 2016. Thesis, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico 1 >> Note: phasmids of Mexico
Ichikawa. 2016. In Machida & Japan Orthopteran Society [Ed.]. The standard of Polyneoptera in Japan 187
>> Note: in Japan
Bellanger, Phillips, Lelong, Jourdan & Rutherford. 2017. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 122(2):239
>> Note: updated key to phasmids of Trinidad
Marshall, S.A. 2017. Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity: With a Photographic Guide to Insects of Eastern North America. 2nd Edition 64, 70
>> Note: in United States
López-Mora & Llorente-Bousquets. 2018. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 89:46
>> Note: of Mexico
Chen, Sha, X. Yin, X. Lin, Shih, R.Z. Zhang, T. Gao & D. Ren. 2018. Proc. R. Soc. B. 285(20180425):1 >> Note: Fossil in amber with lamellae
Büscher, Buckley, Grohmann, Gorb & Bradler. 2018. Front. Ecol. Evol. 6:1-11
>> Note: Phylogenetic reconstruction of attachment pad evolution
Büscher, Kryuchkov, Katanaev & Gorb. 2018. Interface 15(143):1-7
>> Note: Evolution of attachment microstructures
Bellanger, Lelong & Jourdan. 2018. Bull. Soc. entomol. Fr. 273-281
Bradler & Buckley. 2018. In Foottit & Adler [Ed.]. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2 281
>> Note: Biodiversity; includes section on fossils p.300-302
Robertson, J.A. , Bradler & M.F. Whiting. 2018. Front. Ecol. Evol. 216:1
>> Note: Evolution of oviposition techniques
Delfosse, Cliquennois, Depraetere & Robillard. 2019. Zoosystema 41(11):181
>> Note: Type material in Paris; linked with supplement [available via link] to dorsal images of type material
Büscher, Grohmann, Bradler & Gorb. 2019. Zoologica 164:1-94
Yang, Hongru, X. Yin, X. Lin, C. Wang, Shih, W. Zhang, D. Ren & T. Gao. 2019. Proc. R. Soc. B. 286(20191085):1
>> Note: Early evolution of Phasmatodea
Simon, Letsch, Bank, Buckley, Donath, S. Liu, Machida, Meusemann, Misof, Podsiadlowski, X. Zhou, Wipfler & Bradler. 2019. Front. Ecol. Evol. 7(345):1
>> Note: Phylogenomics; new terms introduced Oriophasmata tax. nov. (“Eastern phasmids”) and Occidophasmata tax. nov. (“Western phasmids”) [based on limited sampling and with a number of genera uncertain - Brock 2020]
Conle, Hennemann, Bellanger, Lelong, Jourdan & Valero. 2020. Zootaxa 4814(1):1
>> Note: of French Guiana, including checklist of species
Madeira-Ott, Thyssen & J. Costa. 2020. Neotrop Entomol 1
>> Note: in Brazil
Zeng, Y., O'Malley, Singhal, Rahim, S. Park, Z. Chen & Dudley. 2020. Front. Ecol. Evol. 8(121):1
>> Note: Flight morphology
Tihelka, C. Cai, Giacomelli, Pisani & Donoghue. 2020. R. Soc. Open Sci. 7(201689):1
>> Note: Evolution; different views than Simon et al 2020
Cliquennois. 2020. In Aberlenc [Ed.]. Les Insectes du Monde Biodiversité, classification, clés de détermination des familles 1:403
>> Note: Proposed classification
Cliquennois. 2020. In Aberlenc [Ed.]. Les Insectes du Monde Biodiversité, classification, clés de détermination des familles 2 172
>> Note: Illustrations to support proposed classification
Büscher & Gorb. 2021. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 12:729ff
>> Note: Evolution of tarsal attachment systems
Hennemann. 2021. Zootaxa 5073(1):1
>> Note: of Sulawesi, Peleng and the Sula Islands, Indonesia
Song, P.C., S.C. Chu, J.S. Pan & Hongmei Yang. 2021. Complex & Intelligent Systems 1
>> Note: Phasmatodea population evolution algorithm
Wipfler, Bradler, Büsse, Hammel, Müller & Pass. 2021. Zoomorphology 140:331
>> Note: Morphology of the antennal heart
Ghirotto, Crispino, Chiquetto-Machado, Neves, Engelking & Ribeiro. 2022. Papers in Palaeontology 2022, e1437:1
>> Note: The oldest Euphasmatodea
Forni, Martelossi, Valero, Hennemann, Conle, Luchetti & B. Mantovani. 2022. Syst. Biol. 1
>> Note: Phasmid Wings Evolution as a Reversible Process
Cliquennois & Bradler. 2022. In Goodman & et al. [Ed.]. The New Natural History of Madagascar 1189 >> Note: in Madagascar including checklist of species
Luna. 2022. Phasmid Studies 21:90
>> Note: Checklist of phasmids of North America
Boisseau. 2022. The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 1
>> Note: Evolution of morphological diversity and sexual dimorphism
McGavin & Davranoglou. 2023[2022]. Essential Entomology. Second Edition 113
>> Note: Notes on the order
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