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Taxa hierarchy  

family Heteronemiidae Rehn, 1904

• Distribution:
  •  America, Madagascar
• Ecology:
  • Terrestrial.
• Citations (17):
  • Rehn, J.A.G. 1904. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 56:47   >> Note: see Bradley & Galil 1977:178
  • Bradley, J.C. & Galil. 1977. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 79(2):178   >> Note: in Anareolatae
  • Kevan. 1982. In Parker, S.F. [Ed.]. Synopsis and classification of living organisms 2:382 >> Note: should be split up; proposals given
  • Arnett. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. First edition. 114 >> Note: in U.S.A.
  • Sellick. 1988. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93:278   >> Note: Capitula of eggs
  • Seow-Choen. 1997. A guide to the stick and leaf insects of Singapore 58  
  • Zompro. 1998. Revision nearktischer und neotropischer Genera der Insektenordnung Phasmatodea, insbesondere der Familie Heteronemiidae sensu Bradley & Galil 1   >> Note: [Unpublished thesis]
  • Brock. 1999. Stick and Leaf Insects of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 168  
  • Bragg. 2001. Phasmids of Borneo 413   >> Note: key to Bornean subfamilies
  • Brock. 2003. In Gale Research Staff. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Insects 221  
  • Zompro. 2004. Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea) 174   >> Note: Introduction by Zompro states 'Not Heteronemiidae, Heteronemiinae or Heteronemiini of other authors' [however, all these cover what Zompro now describes, at least in part] Comments 'Formerly, the taxon Heteronemiidae was generally used as a family name in the Anareolatae [now Areolatae, all other genera included transferred to Diapheromeridae, a re-established former synonym of Heteronemiidae].
  • Zompro. 2009. Arthropoda 17(1):14  
  • Bradler. 2009. Die Phylogenie der Stab- und Gespentschrecken (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Vol 2.1 Species, Phylogeny and Evolution 2.1:3   >> Note: The families Bacillidae, Heteronemiidae (= Diapheromeridae), Phasmatidae and Pseudophasmatidae...are polyphyletic
  • Figueiredo de Araujo & Garraffoni. 2012. EntomoBrasilis 5(2):139  
  • Crispino, Chiquetto-Machado, Engelking & Cancello. 2020. Zootaxa 4743(4):533  
  • Cliquennois. 2020. In Aberlenc [Ed.]. Les Insectes du Monde Biodiversité, classification, clés de détermination des familles 1:418   >> Note: retained in superfamily Pseudophasmatoidea
  • Brock & Büscher. 2022. Stick and leaf-insects of the world, Phasmids 27  
• Type genus:  Heteronemia Gray, G.R., 1835; priority for family-group names based on Heteronemia dates from Heteronemiidae Rehn, J.A.G., 1904.  First use as Heteronemiidae by Rehn, J.A.G., 1904.

• synonym Bacunculidae
• subfamily Heteronemiinae Rehn, 1904
• tribe Heteronemiini Rehn, 1904
• tribe Paraleptyniini Zompro, 2004
• tribe Pygirhynchini Redtenbacher, 1906

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